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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-99021-ct99021-hcl.html Despite Singapore's strict tobacco control policies, smoking rates have not decreased since 2004. We examined the primary targets, motivations and strategies behind targeted marketing activities in Singapore from the tobacco industry's perspective to understand how tobacco companies continue to target people in their marketing. Snowball search in the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library for documents covering the industry's targeted marketing activities in Singapore. Information from the documents was subsequently triangulated with market data obtained from the Euromonitor Passport database, analysed for trends by tar segment and data from cigarette packs purchased from Singapore retailers, analysed in terms of product positioning. In the 1970s and 1980s, as young people in Singapore became more health-conscious, tobacco companies positioned 'light' cigarettes for growth in the 1990s. Many of these 'lights' contained similar tar and nicotine levels as regular brands; they were only light in their brcts, explicit or implicit, coupled with improving health literacy and exposing industry deception, could help to further bring down smoking prevalence in Singapore. To test the hypothesis that poststroke fatigue, a chronic, pathologic fatigue condition, is driven by altered effort perception. Fifty-eight nondepressed, mildly impaired stroke survivors with varying severity of fatigue completed the study. Self-reported fatigue (trait and state), perceived effort (PE; explicit and implicit), and motor performance were measured in a handgrip task. Trait fatigue was measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale-7 and Neurologic Fatigue Index. State fatigue was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS). Length of hold at target force, overshoot above target force, and force variability in handgrip task were measures of motor performance. PE was measured with a VAS (explicit PE) and line length estimation, a novel i

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