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https://www.selleckchem.com/ In rodents, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) decreases intake of and preference for foods or fluids that are high in sugar. Whether these surgically-induced changes are due to decreases in the palatability of sugar stimuli is controversial. Here, RYGB and SHAM female rats were used to test the influence of prolonged ingestive experience with sugar solutions on the motivational potency of these stimuli to drive licking in brief-access tests. In Experiment 1, RYGB attenuated intake and caloric preference of 0.3M sucrose during 5 consecutive, 46-h two-bottle tests (TBTs; sucrose). A second series of TBTs (5 consecutive, 46-h tests) with a higher concentration of sucrose (1.0M) revealed similar results, except that fluid preference for 1.0M sucrose also significantly decreased. Before, in between, and after the two series of TBTs, rats received 2 sessions of brief-access (BA) tests (30min;10-s trials) with an array of sucrose concentrations (0, 0.01 - 1.0M). Concentration-dependent licking and trial initiation did not differ between surgical groups in any test. A similar experimental design was used in a second cohort of female rats, testing concentrations of glucose (0.6M and 2.0M, isocaloric with sucrose in Experiment 1) in the TBT and in the BA tests (0, 0.06 - 2.0M). Outcomes similar to Experiment 1 were obtained except that RYGB rats initiated fewer trials during the BA tests. Although RYGB profoundly affected intake and caloric preference for sugar solutions and, with high concentrations, fluid preference, RYGB never influenced the motivational potency of sucrose or glucose to drive concentration-dependent licking in BA tests.Isotocin controls ion regulation through modulating the functions of ionocytes (also called mitochondria-rich cells or chloride cells). However, little is known about the upstream molecule of the isotocin system. Herein, we identified transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) which regulates the mRNA and pro

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