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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-124.html The management of bladder exstrophy (BE) remains one of the most significant challenges encountered by pediatric urologists despite improvements in the operative techniques worldwide. Regardless of surgical technique, timing of primary closure remains a matter of debate. The initial closure may be performed within the first 48-72 hours of life or at ~6-12 weeks of age. Delayed presentation until adolescence is extremely rare. However, due to lack of awareness, and access to healthcare along with poor socioeconomic conditions in developing countries, some patients may not receive treatment during infancy. We present a case of a 10-year-old Syrian male with BE associated with complete rectal prolapse who did not undergo any previous surgical interventions.Background Anticholinergic burden (ACB) is a recognised risk factor for falls in older people; however, whether ACB in middle age predicts falls in later life is unknown. Methods We examined this association in the middle-aged women of the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study (APOSS). ACB was calculated at the second health visit (1997-1999, study baseline) using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale. Outcomes were incidence of 1 fall and recurrent falls (⩾2 falls) during the 12 months prior to follow up 2007-2011. Multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders including demographics, comorbidities and falls history. Results A total of 2125 women mean age (standard deviation [SD]) 54.7 (2.2) years at baseline and 66.0 (2.2) years at follow up were included. Prevalence of baseline ACB score of 0, 1 and ⩾2 was 87.1%, 7.3% and 5.6%, respectively. Compared with no ACB, ACB ⩾2 was associated with recurrent falls in the previous 12 months [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31, 4.19] at an average of 11 years after initial exposure. No such association was found for an ACB score of 1. Conclusions The

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