Yam Code
Sign up
Login
New paste
Home
Trending
Archive
English
English
Tiếng Việt
भारत
Sign up
Login
New Paste
Browse
During the last decade graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool to detect and analyze minute amounts of molecules adsorbed on graphene. By using a graphene-based field-effect device the unique opportunity arises to gain a deeper insight into the coupling of molecules and graphene as graphene's Fermi level can be controlled by the transistor`s gate voltage. However, the fabrication of such a device comes with great challenges because of contaminations stemming from processing the device inevitably prevent direct adsorption of the molecules onto graphene rendering it unsuitable for field-effect controlled graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements/experiments. In this work, we solve this problem by establishing two different fabrication procedures for such devices, both of which are in addition compatible with large area and scalable production requirements. As a first solution, selective argon cluster irradiation is shown to be an efficient way to remove resist residues after processing. We provide evidence that after the irradiation the enhancement of the molecular Raman signal can indeed be measured, demonstrating that this procedure cleans graphene's surface sufficiently enough for direct molecular adsorption. As a second solution, we have developed a novel stacking method to encapsulate the molecules in between two graphene layers to protect the underlying graphene and molecular layer from the harsh conditions during the photolithography process. This method combines the advantages of dry stacking, which leads to a perfectly clean interface, and wet stacking processes, which can easily be scaled up for large area processing. Both approaches yield working graphene transistors with strong molecular Raman signals stemming from cobalt octaehtylporphyrin, a promising and prototypical candidate for spintronic applications, and are therefore suitable for graphene based molecular sensing applications.Exosomes contain cargoes of proteins, lipids, micro-ribonucleic acids, and functional messenger RNAs, and they play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and hold valuable information about biological processes such as disease pathology. To harvest their potentials in disease diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics, exosome isolation is a crucial first step in providing pure and intact samples for both research and clinical purposes. Unfortunately, conventional methods for exosome separation suffer from low purity, low capture efficiency, long processing time, large sample volume requirement, the need for dedicated equipment and trained personnel, and high cost. In the last decade, microfluidic devices, especially those that incorporate nanostructures, have emerged as superior alternatives for exosome isolation and detection. In this review, we examine microfluidic platforms, dividing them into six categories based on their capture mechanisms passive-structure-based affinity, immunomagnetic-based affinity, filtration, acoustofluidics, electrokinetics, and optofluidics. Here, we start out exploring the research and clinical needs that translate into important performance parameters for new exosome isolation designs. Then, we briefly introduce the conventional methods and discuss how their failure to meet those performance standards sparks an intense interest in microfluidic device innovations. The essence of this review is to lead an in-depth discussion on not only the technicality of those microfluidic platforms, but also their strengths and weaknesses with regards to the performance parameters set forth. To close the conversation, we call for the inclusion of exosome confirmation and contamination evaluation as part of future device development and performance assessment process, so that collectively, efforts towards microfluidics and nanotechnology for exosome isolation and analysis may soon see the light of real-world applications.Some typographical errors were made in the original version of the manuscript associated with the value of the electron-phonon coupling constant for Ta, which are corrected here.A development project for hypo-fractionated multi-ion therapy has been initiated at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan. https://www.selleckchem.com/ In the treatment, helium, carbon, oxygen, and neon ions will be used as primary beams with pencil beam scanning. A ripple filter (RiFi), consisting of a thin plastic or aluminum plate with a fine periodic ridge and groove structure, has been used to broaden the Bragg peak of heavy-ion beams in the beam direction. To sufficiently broaden the Bragg peak of helium-, carbon-, oxygen-, and neon-ion beams with suppressed lateral scattering and surface dose inhomogeneity, in this study, we tested a plate made of a lung substitute material, Gammex LN300, as the RiFi. The planar integrated dose distribution of a 183.5-MeV/u neon-ion beam was measured behind a 3-cm-thick LN300 plate in water. The Bragg peak of the pristine beam was broadened following the normal distribution with the standard deviation value of 1.29 mm, while the range of the beam was reduced by 8.8 mm by the plate. To verify the LN300 performance as the RiFi in multi-ion therapy, we measured the pencil beam data of helium-, carbon-, oxygen, and neon-ion beams penetrating the 3-cm-thick LN300 plate. The data were then modeled and used in a treatment planning system to achieve a uniform 10% survival of human undifferentiated carcinoma cells within a cuboid target by the beam for each of the different ion species. The measured survival fractions were reasonably reproduced by the planned ones for all the ion species. No surface dose inhomogeneity was observed for any ion species even when the plate was placed close to the phantom surface. The plate made of lung substitute material, Gammex LN300, is applicable as the RiFi in multi-ion therapy with helium-, carbon-, oxygen, and neon-ion beams.Long bone fractures are common and sometimes difficult to treat. Autologous bone (AB), bovine bone and calcium phosphates are used to stimulate bone growth with varying results. In the present study, a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that previously showed promising grafting capabilities was evaluated for the first time in a long bone defect. A radius defect of 20 mm was created in twenty rabbits. The defect was filled by either a hollow CPC implant that had been previously manufactured as a replica of a rabbit radius through indirect 3D printing, or by particulate AB as control. Defect filling and bone formation was evaluated after 12 weeks by combining micro computed tomography (μCT) and scoring of 3D images, together with histomorphometry and histology. The μCT and histomorphometric evaluations showed a similar amount of filling of the defect (combining graft and bone) between the CPC and AB group, but the scoring of 3D images showed that the filling in the CPC group was significantly larger. Histologically the AB graft could not be distinguished from the new bone.
Paste Settings
Paste Title :
[Optional]
Paste Folder :
[Optional]
Select
Syntax Highlighting :
[Optional]
Select
Markup
CSS
JavaScript
Bash
C
C#
C++
Java
JSON
Lua
Plaintext
C-like
ABAP
ActionScript
Ada
Apache Configuration
APL
AppleScript
Arduino
ARFF
AsciiDoc
6502 Assembly
ASP.NET (C#)
AutoHotKey
AutoIt
Basic
Batch
Bison
Brainfuck
Bro
CoffeeScript
Clojure
Crystal
Content-Security-Policy
CSS Extras
D
Dart
Diff
Django/Jinja2
Docker
Eiffel
Elixir
Elm
ERB
Erlang
F#
Flow
Fortran
GEDCOM
Gherkin
Git
GLSL
GameMaker Language
Go
GraphQL
Groovy
Haml
Handlebars
Haskell
Haxe
HTTP
HTTP Public-Key-Pins
HTTP Strict-Transport-Security
IchigoJam
Icon
Inform 7
INI
IO
J
Jolie
Julia
Keyman
Kotlin
LaTeX
Less
Liquid
Lisp
LiveScript
LOLCODE
Makefile
Markdown
Markup templating
MATLAB
MEL
Mizar
Monkey
N4JS
NASM
nginx
Nim
Nix
NSIS
Objective-C
OCaml
OpenCL
Oz
PARI/GP
Parser
Pascal
Perl
PHP
PHP Extras
PL/SQL
PowerShell
Processing
Prolog
.properties
Protocol Buffers
Pug
Puppet
Pure
Python
Q (kdb+ database)
Qore
R
React JSX
React TSX
Ren'py
Reason
reST (reStructuredText)
Rip
Roboconf
Ruby
Rust
SAS
Sass (Sass)
Sass (Scss)
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Smarty
SQL
Soy (Closure Template)
Stylus
Swift
TAP
Tcl
Textile
Template Toolkit 2
Twig
TypeScript
VB.Net
Velocity
Verilog
VHDL
vim
Visual Basic
WebAssembly
Wiki markup
Xeora
Xojo (REALbasic)
XQuery
YAML
HTML
Paste Expiration :
[Optional]
Never
Self Destroy
10 Minutes
1 Hour
1 Day
1 Week
2 Weeks
1 Month
6 Months
1 Year
Paste Status :
[Optional]
Public
Unlisted
Private (members only)
Password :
[Optional]
Description:
[Optional]
Tags:
[Optional]
Encrypt Paste
(
?
)
Create New Paste
You are currently not logged in, this means you can not edit or delete anything you paste.
Sign Up
or
Login
Site Languages
×
English
Tiếng Việt
भारत