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https://www.selleckchem.com/ Parenteral nutrition plays an important role in the early growth and development of preterm infants. Milk protein is the main protein source for enteral nutrition in preterm infants. Although the incidence of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in preterm infants is relatively low, the symptoms are atypical and easily confused with other diseases, leading to incorrect diagnosis and treatment measures, and seriously affecting the growth, development and prognosis of preterm infants. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CMPA in premature infants. The onset of CMPA in premature infants was late. Few patients had rectal bleeding, and bile-like vomiting and symptoms similar to necrotizing enterocolitis were more common. The diagnosis is mainly based on the avoidance test. For children diagnosed with CMPA, they should be avoided through the mother's diet or replaced with deep hydrolyzed formula milk or amino acid formula milk. However, in-depth clinical and basic research is still needed on how to identify CMPA in preterm infants early.Adverse drug reactions are often encountered in the process of medication and are quite troublesome for clinicians. Skin is one of the most frequently affected organs by adverse drug reactions. Adverse drug reactions involving skin are called "drug-induced dermatitis" or "drug eruption". In some rare instances, drug eruption can be severe and life-threatening which is known as severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction. However, due to the mixed use of drugs, it is difficult to identify the culprit drug, which makes multiple drugs needed to be avoided. Recently, many studies have found that HLA alleles are closely related to the certain culprit drug. HLA genotyping before administration can significantly reduce the incidence of severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction related to certain drugs. Since limite

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