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https://www.selleckchem.com/ALK.html BACKGROUND In animal models cis-palmitoleic acid (9-hexadecenoic acid; 161n-7c), a lipokine, improves insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and lipoprotein profiles; in humans trans-palmitoleic acid (161n-7t) has been associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. The response to dose-escalation of supplements containing cis- and trans-palmitoleic acid has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES We examined dose-escalation effects of oral supplementation with seabuckthorn oil and seabuckthorn oil augmented in 161n-7t on serum phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). METHODS Thirteen participants (7 women and 6 men; age 48 ± 16 y, BMI 30.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover, dose-escalation trial of unmodified seabuckthorn oils relatively high in 161n-7c (380, 760, and 1520 mg 161n-7c/d) and seabuckthorn oils augmented in 161n-7t (120, 240, and 480 mg 161n-7t/d). Each of the 3 escalation doses was provided for 3 wk, with a 4-wk washout period between the 2 supplements. At the end of each dosee of supplementation with these fatty acids to test potential clinical effects in humans.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02311790. Copyright © The Author(s) 2020.STUDY OBJECTIVES Previous studies were inconsistent with regard to the association of sleep dysfunction on the brain's gray matter volume (GMV). The current study set out to investigate if there is a moderating effect of sex on the relationship between sleep quality in healthy individuals and GMV. METHODS We applied voxel-based morphometry in 1074 young adults of the "Human Connectome Project". An analysis of variance with the factors "sleep quality" (good/ poor according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, cutoff >5) and "sex" (male, female) on GMV was conducted. Additionally, linear relationships between sleep quality and GMV were tested. RESULTS The analysis of variance yielded no main effect for sleep quality, but an interaction between s

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