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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc-1971.html ©2020 RIGLD, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases.Aim This study aimed to investigate the frequency and molecular epidemiology of class A ESBLs producing Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) isolates among patients with diarrhea. Background Antibiotic resistance is widespread among diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in developing countries. Information regarding Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) in diarrheagenic pathogens should be considered in clinical management when an optimal treatment is required. Methods A total of 581 stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhea in Ahvaz, Iran. PCR was used for the presence of the ipaH gene to confirm EIEC strains. The antibiotic resistance pattern of all EIEC isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. EIEC isolates were screened for class A β-lactamase genes. Genotyping of harboring β-lactamase genes was performed by Multi-Locus VNTR Analysis (MLVA). Results Among 13 EIEC isolates, 9 isolates (69.2%) were found ESBL positive by double-disk synergy test (DDST) and PCR. Furthermore, bla CTX-M-15 and bla CTX-M-1 genes were detected in 77.8% (n=7) and 44.5% (n=4) of the bla CTX-M-1 group. On the other hand, the bla TEM-1 gene was detected in 66.6% (n=6). None of the isolates had bla SHV-1, bla KPC, or bla GES genes. Six MLVA genotypes were identified. Conclusion The current study revealed that the presence of ESBLs genes mediates the resistance of EIEC isolates to the majority of antibiotics in this region. The presence of ESBLs genes in different MLVA types showed that one specific clone was not responsible for spreading the EIEC isolates. ©2020 RIGLD, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases.Aim This study aimed to compare the effects of synbiotic soymilk fortified with whey protein concentrate and zinc sulfate with lactulose on bile duct ligated-induced HE. Background Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is serio

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