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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lxs-196.html Primary malignant melanoma of a female urethra is extremely rare. A 71-year-old female was referred to our hospital with bleeding from the urethral meatus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass of 25 mm in diameter at the external urethral meatus. She underwent anterior pelvic exenteration and ileal conduit diversion. Histopathological findings were urethral malignant melanoma, pT3apN0M0 (stage IIA). Nine months after surgery, computed tomography revealed a local recurrence in the pelvis, the patient was treated with immunotherapy using combined nivolumab and ipilimumab; however, she did not respond to treatment and died 22 months following diagnosis.Pelvic lipomatosis is a rare, proliferative disease with unknown etiology involving an overgrowth of normal fat in the pelvic retroperitoneal space. 1-5 Cystitis glandularis or cystitis cystica can be observed in 75% of patients with pelvic lipomatosis. 5 We describe a 44-yr-old chronic smoker with suspicion of bladder mass who was referred to us following an inconclusive cystoscopy due to an "elongated" urethra and was later diagnosed to be a case of pelvic lipomatosis with cystitis cystica. Because the association of this condition with bladder adenocarcinoma and the possibility of obstructive uropathy later, we have kept the patient on close follow-up.Emphysematous Pyelonephritis (EP) is a rare necrotizing renal parenchymal infection characterised by gas within the kidney parenchyma. Management with emergency nephrectomy has transitioned to a graded medical, radiological intervention and surgical approach. We present a rare case of high-risk emphysematous pyelonephritis, outlining key high risk factors and demonstrating staggered care escalation within a rural Australian referral hospital. Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonosis caused by the parasite Echinococcus Granulosus. It may infest any organ of the body, but it most frequently involves the liver and lungs. Por

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