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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/XL184.html The objective of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of two new low-cost handheld NIR spectrometers for the determination of umbu fruit (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) quality. A third handheld spectrometer, representing a proven good performance for fruit quality analysis, was used as reference instrument. Multivariate calibration models were built using Partial Least Squares regression to determine dry matter (DM), soluble solids (SS), flesh firmness (FF) and skin color (SC). No significant statistical difference was found among the analytical performances of all three spectrometers. The average of the relative root mean square error of prediction (RMSEPr) obtained with the three spectrometers were 5.2 ± 0.9% for DM, 8.4 ± 1.5% for SS, 27.6 ± 2.0% for FF and 8.0 ± 0.6% for SC. According to these results, the new low-cost handheld NIR spectrometers can be used to monitor umbu fruit quality during ripening with suitable accuracy. Inflammasomes are a family of pro-inflammatory signaling complexes that orchestrate inflammatory responses in many tissues. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in several diseases associated with chronic inflammation. In this paper, we present an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for NLRP3-induced chronic inflammatory diseases that demonstrates how NLRP3 can cause a transition from acute to chronic inflammation, and ultimately the onset of disease. We present a simple graphical description of the main features of internal dose time courses that are important when pharmacodynamics are governed by an activation threshold. Similar considerations hold for other AOPs that are rate-limited by processes with activation thresholds. The risk analysis implications of AOPs with threshold or threshold-like pharmacodynamic responses include the need to consider how cumulative dose per unit time is distributed over time and the possibility that safe, or virtually safe, exposure concentration

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