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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a939572.html Oil and gas are the most important inputs that countries use in their production process. For this reason, changes in oil-gas prices affect economic growth, which is the most important macroeconomic performance indicator. This study aims to investigate whether the relations between the oil-gas prices index and economic growth are permanent in Turkey, covering the period 1998Q1-2019Q4. For this purpose, the relationships between variables are first examined by Granger and Toda-Yamamoto causality tests with structural breaks. Then, we analyze whether the relationships between them are permanent using frequency domain causality tests based on these two tests. There is insignificant causality relationship between the variables according to Granger and the Frequency Domain Causality Test results based on this test. However, according to the results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality test with a structural break, there is a causality relationship from oil-gas prices to economic growth. According to the results of the Frequency Domain Causality Test based on this test, the permanent effect of oil-gas prices on economic growth is approximately five years.Using high-frequency data of crude oil, gold, and silver exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and their related volatility indices, we analyse patterns of intraday return predictability, also called intraday momentum, in each market. We find that intraday return predictability exists in all the markets, but the patterns of predictability differ for each market, with different half-hour returns, not necessarily the first half-hour returns of the trading day, exhibiting significant predictability for their last half-hour counterparts, depending on the specific market. The intraday return predictability is stronger on days of higher volatility and larger jumps. Substantial economic value can be generated by a market timing strategy which is constructed upon the intraday momentum, in all th

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