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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bi-2852.html encing error. The results of this study suggest that the genetic drift caused by a bottleneck in a human-to-human transmission explains the random appearance of new genetic lineages causing viral outbreaks, which can be expected by the molecular epidemiology using next generation sequencing in which the viral genetic diversity within a viral population is investigated. Copyright © 2020 Kadoya et al.A novel lytic bacteriophage ValSw3-3, which efficiently infects pathogenic strains of Vibrio alginolyticus, was isolated from sewage water and characterized by microbiological and in silico genomic analyses. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that ValSw3-3 had the morphology of siphoviruses. This phage can infect four species in the Vibrio genus and has a latent period of 15 min and a burst size of 95 ± 2 PFU/infected bacterium. Genome sequencing results show that ValSw3-3 has a 39,846-bp double stranded DNA genome with a GC content of 43.1%. The similarity between the genome sequences of ValSw3-3 and other phages recorded in GenBank database was below 50% (42%), suggesting that ValSw3-3 significantly differed from previously reported phages at the DNA level. Multiple genome comparisons and phylogenetic analysis based on major capsid protein revealed that phage ValSw3-3 was grouped in a clade with other five phages, including Listonella phage phiHSIC (NC_006953.1), Vibrio phage P23 (MK097141.1), Vibrihost range and infectivity, growth characteristics, stability under various conditions, and genomic features. Our results show that ValSw3-3 could be a potent candidate for phage therapy to treat V. alginolyticus infections due to its strong infectivity and better pH and thermal stability compared with previously reported Vibrio phages. Moreover, genome sequence alignments, phylogenetic analysis, in silico proteomic comparison, and core-gene analysis all support that this novel phage ValSw3-3 and five unclassified phag

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