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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html A multi-physics null medium that performs as a perfect endoscope for both electromagnetic and acoustic waves is designed by transformation optics, which opens a new way to control electromagnetic and acoustic waves simultaneously. Surface transformation multi-physics, which is a novel graphical method to design multi-physics devices, is proposed based on the directional projecting feature of a multi-physics null medium. Many multi-physics devices, including beam shifters, scattering reduction, imaging devices and beam steering devices, for both electromagnetic and acoustic waves can be simply designed in a surface-corresponding manner. All devices designed by surface transformation multi-physics only need one homogeneous anisotropic medium (null medium) to realize, which can be approximately implemented by a brass plate array without any artificial sub-wavelength structures. Numerical simulations are given to verify the performances of the designed multi-physics devices made of brass plate array.This work presents the first demonstration of atmospheric temperature measurement using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique. While DIAL is routinely used to measure atmospheric gases such as ozone and water vapor, almost no success has been found in using DIAL to measure atmospheric temperature. Attempts to measure temperature using a well-mixed gas like oxygen (O2) have largely failed based on a need for quantitative ancillary measurements of water vapor and atmospheric aerosols. Here, a lidar is described and demonstrated that simultaneously measures O2 absorption, water vapor number density, and aerosol backscatter ratio. This combination of measurements allows for the first measurements of atmospheric temperature with useful accuracy. DIAL temperature measurements are presented to an altitude of 4 km with 225 m and 30 min resolution with accuracy better than 3 K. DIAL temperature data is compared to a co-

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