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https://www.selleckchem.com/screening/fda-approved-drug-library.html Trivalent bismuth is a unique heavy p-block ion. It is highly insoluble in water, due to strong hydrolysis tendencies, and known for low toxicity. Its lone pair is structure-directing, providing framework materials with structural flexibility, leading to piezoelectric and multiferroic function. The flexibility it provides is also advantageous for dopants and vacancies, giving rise to conductivity, luminescence, color, and catalytic properties. We are exploiting Bi3+ in a completely different way, as a knob to "tune" the solubility and stability of transition-metal oxo clusters. The lone pair allows capping and isolation of metastable cluster forms for solid-state and solution characterization. With controlled release of the bismuth (via bismuth oxyhalide metathesis), the metal oxo clusters can be retained in aqueous solution, and we can track their reaction pathways and conversion to related metal oxyhydroxides. Here we present isolation of a bismuth-stabilized MnIV cluster, fully formulated [MnIV6Bi2KO9(CH3Cy via SAXS. We observe one-dimensional growth of species, followed by the precipitation of nanocrystalline hollandite (identified by TEM). The hollandite is presumably templated by the K+, originally in the crystalline lattice of Mn6Bi2. In this Forum Article that combines new results and prospective, we compare these results to prior studies in which we first introduced the use of capping Bi3+ to stabilize reactive clusters, followed by destabilization to understand reaction pathways in synthesis and low-temperature geochemistry.ERK1 and ERK5 are proposed to have pivotal roles in several types of cancer. Under some circumstance, ERK5 may provide a common bypass route, which rescues proliferation upon abrogation of ERK1 signaling. Thus, we accurately classified the tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) based on the expression levels of ERK1 and ERK5. We proposed a novel therapeutic st

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