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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fb23-2.html Kidney disease has disparate effects on racial and ethnic minority groups, who have higher rates of chronic kidney disease and generally poorer outcomes. These disparate rates and outcomes have been attributed to social determinants of health; however, these social determinants of health are related to governmental and societal structural barriers that have created inequities not only in kidney disease, but also in other chronic diseases and in maternal/fetal health outcomes. The societal barriers to health equity include income inequality, inadequate education, environmental injustice, mass incarceration, and the enduring effects of the legacy of slavery. The approach to reducing disparities in kidney outcomes must be viewed through the lens of social justice to address these societal barriers.BACKGROUND Video directly observed therapy (vDOT) was introduced to increase flexibility and meet patient-specific needs for TB treatment. This study aimed to assess the reach and effectiveness of vDOT for TB treatment under routine conditions in Alameda County, CA, USA, a busy, urban setting, from 2018 to 2020.METHODS We prospectively evaluated routinely collected data to estimate 1) reach (proportion of patients initiated on vDOT vs. in-person DOT); and 2) effectiveness (proportion of prescribed doses with verified administration by vDOT vs. in-person DOT).RESULTS Among 163 TB patients, 94 (58%) utilized vDOT during treatment, of whom 54 (57%) received exclusively vDOT. Individuals receiving vDOT were on average younger than those receiving in-person therapy (46 vs. 61 years; P less then 0.001). The median time to vDOT initiation was 2.2 weeks (IQR 1.1-10.0); patients were monitored for a median of 27.0 weeks (IQR 24.6-31.9). vDOT led to higher proportions of verified prescribed doses than in-person DOT (68% vs. 54%; P less then 0.001). Unobserved self-administration occurred for all patients on weekends based on clinic instr

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