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ples on injury prevention and rehabilitation training. Drinking coffee is one of the most common daily habits, especially in the developed world. Along with caffeine, coffee has various ingredients that have been suggested to have beneficial effects, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antithrombotic and antifibrotic effects. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the relationship between coffee intake and chronic kidney disease (CKD) related outcomes. Literature search was performed through PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase (Elsevier), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) from 1960 to February 2020. Incidence of CKD, the progression of CKD, and CKD-associated mortality have been evaluated in relation to coffee consumption and the amount of consumption. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment of included studies. 12 studies were included in the analysis (7 prospective, 5 cross-sectional) involving 505,841 subjects. 7 studies investigated the relationship between coffee consumption and incident CKD and showed that coffee consumption was associated with a significant decrease in the risk for incident CKD outcome (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.97, P=.01) with a greater decrease in individuals taking ≥2 cups/day compared to those who drank ≤1 cup/day. There was a significantly lower risk of incident end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in coffee users (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.94, P=.005). Coffee consumption was also associated with a lower risk of albuminuria (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97, P=.02). Overall, the risk of death related to CKD was lower in coffee users (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.96, P=.02). Coffee intake was dose-dependently associated with lower incident CKD, ESKD, and albuminuria. Coffee intake was dose-dependently associated with lower incident CKD, ESKD, and albuminuria. After dialysis initiation, a high protein diet is recommended due to significant nutrient losses through dialysate and increased risk of protein energy wasting. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, protein intake can be assessed through different methods that have some advantages and limitations, which affect its use on routine care. The aim of this study is to evaluate the agreement between 2 different methods (24-hour dietary recall and PNA-protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance) on estimating protein intake in PD patients. Patients on PD for at least 3months, aged 18years old or more, were enrolled. To estimate protein intake, 24-hour dietary recall and PNA was used. PNA was calculated from 24-hour urine on the same day of the 24-hour dietary recall. Fifty individuals on PD were included, mean age 55.7±16.2years, and body mass index 26.0±4.5kg/m . The average energy consumption was 1788.79±504.40kcal/day, which corresponds to 26.81±9.11kcal/kg current body weight (BW)/day and 29.82±8.39kcano agreement in the assessment of protein intake by dietary recall and PNA, due to the existence of proportionality bias. Thus, values can be influenced biased by the magnitude of the measures. Protein energy wasting (PEW), a specific nutritional comorbidity associated with increased mortality, is underrecognized in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to determine the burden and factors associated with PEW and assess the utility of parameters used to diagnose PEW in children with CKD and End stage kidney disease (ESKD). Children between 2 and 18years of age with CKD stages 2-5 were recruited over 30months. Parameters of PEW assessed included body mass index for height, mid-upper arm circumference, height for age, appetite, serum albumin, cholesterol, transferrin, and C-reactive protein. Based on number of criteria fulfilled in each subject, PEW was further stratified as mild, standard, and modified PEW. One hundred twenty-three children (malefemale 31, 73 in CKD stages 2-4, 50 with ESKD) were recruited. PEW was observed in 58% (47% in CKD stages 2-4 vs. 73% ESKD, P=.035). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cdk2-inhibitor-73.html Longer duration and severity of disease was associated PEW. Reduced appetite (P=.001, P=.ed exclusive diagnostic criteria for PEW based on anthropometry, appetite, and inflammation.Cough is a common respiratory symptom that is considered to be chronic when it lasts more than eight weeks. When severe, chronic cough may significantly impact an individual's quality of life, and such patients are frequently referred for specialist evaluation. Current international guidelines provide algorithms for the management of chronic cough in most cases, treatment of the underlying disease is sufficient to improve or resolve cough symptoms. Severe chronic cough may significantly affect patients' quality of life and necessitate frequent referral for specialist evaluations. In this narrative review, we summarize non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management of adult patients with chronic cough of known cause that persists after proper treatment (chronic refractory cough, CRC) or chronic cough of unknown cause in adult patients. If chronic cough persists even after treatment of the underlying disease, or if the chronic cough is not attributable to any cause, then a symptomatic approach with neuromodulators may be considered, with gabapentin as the first choice, and opioids or macrolides as alternatives. Speech pathology treatment and/or neuromodulators should be discussed with patients and alternative options carefully considered, taking into account risk/benefit. Novel promising drugs are under investigation (e.g. P2×3 inhibitors), but additional studies are needed in this field. Speech pathology can be combined with a neuromodulator to give an enhanced treatment response of longer duration suggesting that non-pharmacologic treatment may play a key role in the management of CRC. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) has been described as a frequent and prognostically relevant complication of COVID-19 infection. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the in-hospital incidence of acute PE among COVID-19 patients based on studies published within four months of COVID-19 outbreak. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. We searched Medline, Scopus and Web of Science to locate all articles published up to August 1, 2020 reporting the incidence of acute PE (or lung thrombosis) in COVID-19 patients. The pooled in-hospital incidence of acute PE among COVID-19 patients was calculated using a random effects model and presenting the related 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I statistic. We analysed data from 7178 COVID-19 patients [mean age 60.4 years] included in twenty-three studies. Among patients hospitalized in general wards and intensive care unit (ICU), the pooled in-hospital incidence of PE (or lung thrombosis) was 14.
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