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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/2-hydroxybenzylamine.html Hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) have been the focus of recent initiatives by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in an effort to improve patient safety and outcomes. Spine surgery can be complex and may carry significant comorbidity burden, including so called "never events." The objective was to determine the rates of common HACs that occur within 30-days post-operatively for elective spine surgeries and compare them to other common surgical procedures. Patients >18 y/o undergoing elective spine surgery were identified in the American College of Surgeons' NSQIP database from 2005 to 2013. Patients were stratified by whether they experienced >1 HAC, then compared to those undergoing other procedures including bariatric surgery, THA and TKA. Of the 90,551 spine surgery patients, 3021 (3.3%) developed at least one HAC. SSI was the most common (1.4%), followed by UTI (1.3%), and VTE (0.8%). Rates of HACs in spine surgery were significantly higher than other elective procedures including bariatric surgery (2.8%) and THA (2.8%) (both p less then 0.001). Spine surgery and TKA patients had similar rates of HACs(3.3% vs 3.4%, p = 0.287), though spine patients experienced higher rates of SSI (1.4%vs0.8%, p less then 0.001) and UTI (1.3%vs1.1%, p less then 0.001) but lower rates of VTE (0.8%vs1.6%, p less then 0.001). Spine surgery patients had lower rates of HACs overall (3.3%vs5.9%) when compared to cardiothoracic surgery patients (p less then 0.001). When compared to other surgery types, spine procedures were associated with higher HACs than bariatric surgery patients and knee and hip arthroplasties overall but lower HAC rates than patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are reported to score significantly lower on the Judgement of Line Orientation (JLO) test compared with controls. The traditional method of scoring JLO ignores potentially intere

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