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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dooku1.html In this review, we aim to describe the role of the main types of noninvasive neuromonitoring such as those based on electroencephalography (EEG) waves (EEG, Entropy module, Bispectral Index, Narcotrend Monitor), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based on noninvasive measurement of cerebral regional oxygenation, and Transcranial Doppler used in the perioperative settings in non-neurosurgical intervention. We also describe the advantages, disadvantage, and limitation of each monitoring technique.The application of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in neurosurgical practice is a relatively new concept. A limited number of studies involving ERAS protocols within neurosurgery, specifically for elective craniotomy, have been published, contrary to the ERAS spine surgery pathways that are now promoted by numerous national and international dedicated surgical societies and hospitals. In this review, we want to present the patient surgical journey from an anaesthesia perspective through the key components that can be included in the ERAS pathways for neurosurgical procedures, both craniotomies and major spine surgery.In patients undergoing craniotomy, general anesthesia should be addressed to warrant good hypnosis, immobility, and analgesia, to ensure systemic and cerebral physiological status and provide the best possible surgical field. Regarding craniotomies, it is unclear if there are substantial differences in providing general anesthesia using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) or balanced anesthesia (BA) accomplished using the third generation halogenates. New evidence highlighted that the last generation of halogenated agents has possible advantages compared with intravenous drugs rapid induction, minimal absorption and metabolization, reproducible pharmacokinetic, faster recovery, cardioprotective effect, and opioid spare analgesia. This review aims to report evidence related to the use of the latest halogenated

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