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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lys05.html Previous studies on changes in health policies theorize such changes either as crises responses, or as the outcome of longer-term stakeholder conflicts. In this paper, we propose that parliaments function as overlooked, intermediate actors that contribute to translating the interests of stakeholders into policy changes. We study the role of parliament connecting policy makers and stakeholders in the context of drug regulation. Based on three high-profile cases of drug withdrawals between 1991 and 2005 in the United Kingdom (triazolam, rofecoxib, and co-proxamol), we distinguish partisan-political, individual-idiosyncratic, and collective-institutional pathways of parliamentary action on drug withdrawals. Distinguishing direct and indirect actions, we argue that indirect courses of action, including advocacy and educational work, can be just as effective as regular legislative endeavours, under certain conditions. To compare rates of pediatric hospital utilization across seven European countries. Secondary data from WHO's European Hospital Morbidity Database from 2009 to 2012. Cross- country comparison of rates of admissions and bed days per 100 person-years by clinical service. We tabulated counts of admissions and bed days by principal diagnosis and age group for Ireland, Austria, Hungary, Belgium, Spain, Germany, and France. ICD 9 or ICD 10 or ISHMT diagnosis codes were allocated to clinical services. Normal newborn admissions were excluded from the analysis. Simple linear regression models, weighted by pediatric population size, were constructed to estimate the relationships between health care utilization and factors that may influence variation in care. Hospital admission across the seven countries ranged from 9.41 (Spain) to 19.59 (Germany) admissions per 100 person-years. Bed days ranged from a low of 52.50 (Spain) to 135.44 (Germany) per 100 person-years. General pediatrics and neonatology led in clinica associ

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