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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/wnt-c59-c59.html Researchers often approximate individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) from census tract and county data. However, area-level variables do not serve as accurate proxies for individual-level SES, particularly among some demographic subgroups. The present study aimed to analyze the potential bias introduced by this practice. Data included (1) individual-level SES from the Mortality Disparities in American Communities study (n ≈ 3,471,000 collected in 2008), and (2) census tract- and county-level SES from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey. Analyses included correlations among SES indicators (eg, median household income, having a high school degree, unemployment) across individual versus census tract and county levels, stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and urbanicity. Finally, generalized estimating equations evaluated demographic differences in whether area-level SES matched or underestimated individual-level SES. Low correlations were observed between individual- and area-level SES (census tract Spearman's r range = 0.048 for unemployment to 0.232 for median household income; county r range = 0.028 for unemployment to 0.157 for median household income; all P < .0001). SES indicators were more likely to match for males, older participants, and urban groups. Area-level SES indicators were more likely to underestimate individual-level SES for older participants and rural groups, indicating that individuals who are part of these groups may live in systematically lower-SES communities than their own SES might connote. In this population-based study of 3.5 million participants, area-level indicators were poor proxies for individual-level SES, particularly for participants living in rural areas. In this population-based study of 3.5 million participants, area-level indicators were poor proxies for individual-level SES, particularly for participants living in rural areas.Decompensated cirrhosis corresponds t

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