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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iacs-13909.html Since cardiolipin, ATP synthase dimers, the MICOS complex, and dynamin-like Opa1/Mgm1 are known to be involved in shaping cristae, we examined their variation in the context of crista diversity. Moreover, we have identified both commonalities and differences that may collectively be manifested as diverse variations of crista form and function.Eukaryotic cells use a number of diverse mechanisms to swim through liquid or crawl across solid surfaces. The two most prevalent forms of eukaryotic cell motility are flagellar-dependent swimming and actin-dependent cell migration, both of which are used by animal cells and unicellular eukaryotes alike. Evolutionary cell biologists have used morphological and molecular phenotypes to trace the evolution of flagellar-based swimming. These efforts have resulted in a large body of evidence supporting a single evolutionary origin of the eukaryotic flagellum, an origin that dates back to before the diversification of modern eukaryotes. Actin-dependent crawling, in contrast, involves mutiple distinct molecular mechanisms, the evolution of which is just beginning to be explored.Comparative genomics reveals an unexpected diversity in the molecular mechanisms underlying conserved cellular functions, such as DNA replication and cytokinesis. However, the genetic bases and evolutionary processes underlying this 'molecular diversity' remain to be explained. Here, we review a tool to generate alternative mechanisms for conserved cellular functions and test hypotheses concerning the generation of molecular diversity - evolutionary repair experiments, in which laboratory microbial populations adapt in response to a genetic perturbation. We summarize the insights gained from evolutionary repair experiments, the spectrum and dynamics of compensatory mutations, and the alternative molecular mechanisms used to repair perturbed cellular functions. We relate these experiments to the modifications

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