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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/inf195.html We experimentally investigate the impact of laser flicker noise and linewidth on 64 Gbaud/DP-64QAM, 96 Gbaud/DP-32QAM and 64 or 96 Gbaud/DP-16QAM links. To give a more practical viewpoint, the examined flicker noise closely follows that of an industry forum (OIF 400ZR). We have found that higher modulation order (e.g., 64QAM) is sensitive to phase noise from the linewidth and flicker noise, even in the back to back case. Significant optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and cycle slip rate penalties can also be observed with a transmission distance $ \gt 200\;\rm km$>200km for both 64QAM and 32QAM signals, which mainly comes from equalization-enhanced phase noise. Moreover, with the increasing of transmission distances, the effective linewidth of a tunable laser with a higher flicker noise and higher linewidth (210 KHz) increases significantly, while it remains unchanged for an external cavity laser (ECL) with 47-kHz linewidth. The result indicates the importance of more stringent flicker noise and linewidth requirement for future ultrabaud rate transmissions.Ho3+/Pr3+ co-doped AlF3-based glass fibers were fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method based on the matrix glass composition of AlF3-BaF2-CaF2-YF3-SrF2-MgF2-LiF-ZrF4-PbF2. Under the pump of a 1150 mW Raman fiber laser, a 2.9 µm laser was observed in a 19 cm long Ho3+/Pr3+ co-doped AlF3-based glass fiber with an output power of 173 mW and a slope efficiency of 10.4%. Ho3+/Pr3+ co-doped AlF3-based glasses were fabricated to investigate the deactivation effects of Pr3+ ions on the Ho3+5I7 level. Our results showed that the Ho3+/Pr3+ co-doped AlF3-based glass fibers are potential gain media for ∼2.9µm lasers.We have investigated a magnet-free, nonreciprocal surface wave absorber based on high impedance surfaces (HISs) using a spatial-temporal modulation approach. By controlling embedded switches with a travelling wave, the HIS metasurface is modulated to break the t

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