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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/spautin-1.html Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) has become an established treatment to control symptoms. AF ablation either by cryoballoon or radiofrequency using three-dimensional (3D) electroanatomical mapping exposes patients and medical staff to increased doses of radiation. To compare radiation exposure in patients during cryoballoon ablation compared to 3D electro-anatomic mapping catheter ablation in AF patients. Atotal of 30 patients referred for AF ablation underwent full history taking, 12-lead ECG, echocardiogram, and pulmonary vein isolation either by 3D mapping system or cryoballoon. Procedure duration and fluoroscopy time were collected and analyzed. Radiation exposure was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters placed at different sites related to patients and medical staff. The procedural time was statistically significantly longer with 3D mapping compared to cryoballoon but showed no significant difference regarding fluoroscopy time. There was asignificantly higher radiation skin dose at the right scapular area in the cryoballoon ablation group, in addition to higher peak skin dose compared to the 3D mapping ablation group. There was no statistically significant correlation between peak skin doses and fluoroscopy duration but astatistically significant correlation between peak skin dose and usage of high frame rate and the high dose area product. Cryoballoon ablation was found to be associated with higher peak skin radiation doses especially in the right scapular area. Knowing dose area product and peak skin dose is more important than fluoroscopy time alone. Cryoballoon ablation was found to be associated with higher peak skin radiation doses especially in the right scapular area. Knowing dose area product and peak skin dose is more important than fluoroscopy time alone.Nipple shields (shield) may reduce pain during breastfeeding, but the impact on infant sucking dynamics is not known. We exami

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