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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/s64315-mik665.html The conversion of low value-added phytosterols into 9α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (9-OHAD) by mycobacteria is an important step in the steroid pharmaceutical industry. However, the highly dense cell envelope with extremely low permeability largely affects the overall transformation efficiency. Here, we preliminarily located the key gene embC required for the synthesis of lipoarabinomannan from lipomannan in Mycobacterium neoaurum. The genetic manipulation of embC indicated that it might be the only functional enzyme catalyzing the above synthesis process. The deficiency of lipoarabinomannan led to a significantly increased cell permeability, which in turn caused the enhanced uptake capacity of cells. The sterol substrate conversion efficiency of mycobacterial cells was increased by about 52.4 % after 72-h conversion. Ultimately, the absence of embC increased the productivity from 0.0927 g/L/h to 0.1031 g/L/h, as confirmed by a resting cell system. This study verified the feasibility of improving the efficiency of the microbial conversion system through the cell envelope engineering strategy.Heavy metal pollution seriously impairs crop production and poses serious concerns for human health. Exogenous application of biomolecules has been efficiently tested for enhancing plant resistance to metal toxicity. Current study evaluates the possible effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in Brassica juncea L. seedlings subjected to lead (Pb) stress. Our results showed that shoot length, root length and chlorophyll contents were significantly recovered in Pb stressed seedlings after ALA application, accompanied by reduction in the Pb accumulation. Significant reduction in the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were also observed in ALA treated seedlings under Pb stress. Furthermore, we also noticed enhancement in the activities of antioxidative enzyme

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