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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sodium-pyruvate.html Biopolymer scaffold is expected to generate electrical stimulation, aiming to mimic an electrical microenvironment to promote cell growth. In this work, graphene and barium titanate (BT) was introduced into selective laser sintered poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold. BT as one piezoelectric ceramic was used as the piezoelectric source, whereas graphene served as superior conductive filler. Significantly, the incorporated graphene enhanced the electrical conductivity and thereby increased the electric field strength applied on BT nanoparticles during poling. In this case, more electric domain within BT rearranged along the poling field direction, thus promoting the piezoelectric response of the composites. Results showed that the PLLA/BT/graphene scaffold exhibited relatively high output voltage of 1.4 V and current of 10 nA. Cells tests proved that these electrical signals considerably promoted cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, the scaffold exhibited improved mechanical properties due to the rigid particle enhancement effect and increased crystallinity. To synthesize and characterize brushite particles in the presence of acidic monomers (acrylic acid/AA, citric acid/CA, and methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate/MOEP) and evaluate the effect of these particles on degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength/modulus (FS/FM) and ion release of experimental composites. Particles were synthesized by co-precipitation with monomers added to the phosphate precursor solution and characterized for monomer content, size and morphology. Composites containing 20vol% brushite and 40vol% reinforcing glass were tested for DC, FS and FM (after 24h and 60 d in water), and 60-day ion release. Data were subjected to ANOVA/Tukey tests (DC) or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (FS and FM, alpha 5%). The presence of acidic monomers affected particle morphology. Monomer content on the particles was low (0.1-1.4% by mass). Composite

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