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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/m4076.html nt defense system under acute stress. Moreover, FAAF prevented the accumulation of lipofuscin and protein carbonylation in C. elegans. FAAF also upregulated the gene expression levels of hsp-16.2, gst-4, sod-3, skn-1, daf-16, ctl-2, hsf-1 and increased SOD-3GFP and GST-4GFP expression. These results demonstrated that FAAF exerted antioxidant activity in C. elegans. It was perhaps regulated by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) signaling pathway. These results demonstrated that FAAF exerted antioxidant activity in C. elegans. It was perhaps regulated by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) signaling pathway.Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDK) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyse the transfer of the γ phosphate from nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) to nucleoside diphosphate (NDPs), to maintain appropriate NTP levels in cells. NDKs are associated with signal transduction, cell development, proliferation, differentiation, tumor metastasis, apoptosis and motility. The critical role of NDK in bacterial virulence renders it a potential drug target. The present manuscript reports crystal structure and functional characterization of Vibrio cholerae NDK (VNDK). The 16 kDa VNDK was crystallized in a solution containing 30% PEG 4000, 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.5 and 200 mM sodium acetate in orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell parameters a = 48.37, b = 71.21, c = 89.14 Å, α = β = γ = 90° with 2 molecules in asymmetric unit. The crystal structure was solved by molecular replacement and refined to crystallographic Rfactor and Rfree values of 22.8% and 25.8% respectively. VNDK exists as both dimer and tetramer in solution as confirmed by size exclusion chromatography, glutaraldehyde crosslinking and small angle X-ray scattering while the crystal structure appears to be a dimer. The biophysical characterization states that VNDK has kinase and DNase activity with maximum stability at pH 8-9 and temperature

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