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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iacs-010759-iacs-10759.html Mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck (HN) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm which constitutes only 1% of all melanomas. Neuroendocrine differentiation is an extremely unusual phenomenon in mucosal melanomas, of which five cases have been reported. We report a rare case of a 63-year-old female who developed sinonasal amelanotic melanoma with immunohistochemical expression of neuroendocrine markers, presenting a diagnostic dilemma. Ultrastructural evidence of melanosomes and neurosecretory granules aided in arriving at the diagnosis. Aberrant immunoexpression of neuroendocrine markers, particularly in an amelanotic melanoma, has critical diagnostic implications, as various malignancies with undifferentiated histomorphology occur at this site, many of which stain positively with neuroendocrine markers. We discuss the differential diagnoses and recommend a high index of suspicion so as not to miss the diagnosis of mucosal melanoma at this location.In Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, patients may have a particularly severe clinodactyly of the thumb. We evaluated a new method for correction of these severe clinodactylies using non-vascularized toe phalanx transfer as a replacement for the abnormal delta phalanx. Results of the new technique are presented, together with those of an osteotomy technique. We retrospectively recorded the angle of the clinodactyly before and after surgery and at long-term follow-up of 11 osteotomies and five transfers in nine patients from 1990 to 2017. The pre-operative angle of clinodactyli was similar between the two groups with a mean of 59°. After surgery, the correction was equivalent (7° and 11°). At the last follow-up (7 and 18 years), the relapse of clinodactyly was 17° for osteotomies and 1° for phalanx transfers. We noticed growth of the transferred phalanx, resulting in an excellent thumb length. We conclude that non-vascularized toe transfer can be an effective c

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