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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dpcpx.html Background Both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and macrophage diversity contribute to inflammatory processes in lung injury. However, the interaction between ER stress and macrophage M1/M2 imbalance in lung inflammation remains unclear. The present study, thus, aimed to evaluate the role of ER stress-mediated macrophage phenotype changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods Lung inflammation and injury were examined in a murine model of LPS-induced ALI with or without ER stress inhibitors. Alveolar macrophage (AM) polarization was determined by flow cytometry. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with either an ER stress inducer, inhibitor, or an IRE-1 endonuclease inhibitor before being polarized to an M1 and M2 phenotype. The macrophage polarization status was examined via RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Results Our results indicated that ER stress and IRE-1/XBP-1 signaling are activated in LPS-induced ALI. Furthermore, we observed that AM polarizes to an inflamved.Background To evaluate whether the heated humidified ventilation can effectively maintain core temperature and improve prognosis in normothermic thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery. Methods Patients who were scheduled for normothermic thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery were randomized into the group using heated humidified ventilation combined with water blanket and the group using water blanket only. During the operation, the core temperature will be measured every 30 minutes. We analyzed intraoperative core-temperature, coagulation function and in-hospital mortality. Results HHV&WB group showed lesser decrease in core temperature than WB groups in the first two hours, while WB group had a higher body temperature at the third to fifth hour (2-hour 35.45±0.47 vs. 35.24±0.59 °C, P=0.284; 5-hour 35.38±0.70 vs. 35.51±0.88 °C, P=0.664). There was less blood loss, dosage of coagulation dru

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