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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Tranilast.html Liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH), of which non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognised cause. There is limited data investigating NAFLD in HIV mono-infection and histologically defined disease. We aimed to identify who is at risk of fibrosis, NAFLD and NASH among PLWH, and explore the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive markers of fibrosis. Retrospective cross-sectional international multicentre study including patients with HIV mono-infection, without chronic viral hepatitis or other known causes of chronic liver disease, who underwent liver biopsy for abnormal liver biochemistry and/or clinical suspicion of liver fibrosis. One hundred and sixteen patients from 5 centres were included. Sixty-three (54%) had NAFLD, of whom 57 (92%) had NASH. Overall, 36 (31%) had advanced fibrosis (≥F3) and 3 (3%) cirrhosis. Of the 53 cases without NAFLD, 15 (28%) had advanced fibrosis. Collagen proportionate area (CPA) was similar between cases with and without NAFLD (3% vs 2%). Body mass index (BMI) was independently associated with NAFLD (aOR 1.2 95% CI 1.08-1.34), and type 2 diabetes was independently associated with advanced fibrosis (aOR 3.42 95% CI 1.00-11.71)). The area under the curve for advanced fibrosis was 0.65 and 0.66 for both NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS) and FIB-4. Cut-off values of -1.455 (NFS) and 1.3 (FIB-4) have negative predictive values of 0.80 and 0.82, respectively. Advanced fibrosis is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in PLWH. Serological markers require further optimisation. Advanced fibrosis is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in PLWH. Serological markers require further optimisation.In response to the opioid crisis, IDSA and HIVMA established a working group to drive an evidence- and human rights-based response to illicit drug use and associated infectious diseases. Infectious diseases and HIV physici

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