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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2090314.html Based on longitudinal data collected in a sample of Chinese medical students, this study tested the measurement invariance of the strength of motivation for medical school framework and examined the growth trajectories of their motivation for medical school over time. Results revealed that the strength of motivation for medical school scale demonstrated longitudinal measurement invariance. Medical students in our sample showed an overall decline over time in all three types of motivation for medical school. Most of the drop occurred during the first year of medical study. Individual variability was observed in the initial levels and the growth rates of motivation for medical school. We advised medical educators to provide sustained support to help medical students (especially for those early in medical school) improve their learning experience.Ambient air pollution is a leading cause of non-communicable disease in the world. PM2.5 has the potential to change the miRNAs profiles, which in turn causes cardiovascular effects. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Yet, the possible role of miR-939-5p/HIF-1α in PM2.5-induced endothelial injury remains elusive. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the effects of miR-939-5p and HIF-1α on PM2.5-triggered endothelial injury. The results from immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, LSCM, and western blot assays demonstrated that PM2.5 increased the levels of HIF-1α, inflammation and apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Yet, the inflammatory response and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway were effectively inhibited in HIF-1α knockdown HAECs lines. The expression of miR-939-5p was significantly down-regulated in HAECs after exposed to PM2.5. The luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR and western blot results demonstrated that miR-939-5p could directly targeted HIF-1α. And the miR-939-5p overexpression restricted PM2.

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