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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/purmorphamine.html © 2020 by the Association of Clinical Scientists, Inc.OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Follistatin (FST) on the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) into neuron-like cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS hBMSCs were isolated and characterized by cell surface markers including CD29, CD44, CD166, CD34, CD14, and CD45. Subsequently, 0.3, 3, and 10 nmol/L recombinant human FST (rhFST) were used to stimulate hBMSCs, respectively. Neuron-like cell differentiation and Nissl's body within the cytoplasm of hBMSCs were investigated by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Meanwhile, nestin and NSE were determined by immunofluorescence. The expression level of Activin A, BMP4, Moysatin, and Smad3 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The isolated hBMSCs were positive for CD29, CD44, and CD166, but negative for CD34, CD14, and CD45. The level of nestin and NSE mRNAs were significantly higher than those before induction (both P less then 0.05). Additionally, immunofluorescence revealed that nestin and NSE positive cells significantly increased as the rhFST concentration increased. With the increase of rhFST concentration, the expression level of Activin A gradually decreased accordingly, but the expression levels of BMP4 and Moysatin did not change significantly. Furthermore, the expression level of Smad3 gradually decreased with the increase of rhFST concentration. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that FST could effectively induce hBMSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro. This differentiation mechanism may be related to the Activin A signalling pathway, partially through binding to Activin receptors and inhibiting expression of Smad3. © 2020 by the Association of Clinical Scientists, Inc.PURPOSE To assess the incidence, clinical features and predictive risk factors of subretinal fibrosis after treatment of active myopic choroidal neovascularis

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