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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD1480.html Our results suggest that a major global function of glycinergic and GABAergic interneurons in the mammalian retina is to provide the flexibility for adjusting the size and location of GCs' RF centers. The apparent shifts of GC RF centers suggest that the synergistic addition by GlyACs and the surround inhibition by GABAergic interneurons are not spatially symmetrical within GC RFs. The current study explored the effects of contrast adaptation on the accommodation response (AR), using low- and high-pass filtered video clips as stimuli. Ten young myopic (mean ± standard deviation -2.91 ± 1.36D) and 10 near emmetropic subjects (-0.19 ± 0.14D) participated in the study. The AR was monitored under monocular viewing conditions using an eccentric infrared photorefractor. A 2-stage procedure was used (1) the minimum spatial frequency content necessary to produce a proper individual AR; and (2) the AR was compared before and after adaptation to low-pass (s = -0.5), control (s = 0) and high-pass (s = +0.5) filtered videos. We found that (1) the average threshold Sinc-blur of both myopes and emmetropes necessary to evoke accommodation was (mean ± standard deviation) λ = 7.40 ± 4.05 cpd. Myopes required a higher Sinc blur (average, 10.00 ± 4.05 cpd) compared to emmetropes (average, 4.80 ± 1.60 cpd). (2) Adaptation to low-pass filtered videos increased the AR by 0.41 ± 0.33D in the myopic group and reduced it in the emmetropic group by 0.31 ± 0.25D. Adaptation to high pass-filtered videos induced similar changes in both refractive groups (an increase of 0.41 ± 0.40D and 0.46 ± 0.29D for myopes and emmetropes, respectively). Our measurements show that the human AR can be modified by spatial frequency selective contrast adaptation although these were short-term effects. The perhaps most striking finding was that adaptation to low pass filtered videos had opposite effects on the AR in emmetropes and myopes. It remains to be studied

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