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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dwiz-2.html In contrast, rats with high cognitive competence were resilient to the negative effects of the forced swim test, irrespective of the spatial memory task used. These results point to a nonlinear relationship between spatial memory performance and behavioral despair, suggesting that different types of cognitive functioning may have differential effects on affective processes. BACKGROUND It is controversial whether peripheral arterial cannulation may achieve better results than direct aortic cannulation during surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD). METHODS Three-hundred and nine consecutive patients underwent surgical repair for acute TAAD from January 2005 to December 2017 at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. The early outcomes of patients who underwent surgery with direct aortic cannulation were compared with those in whom peripheral arterial cannulation was employed. RESULTS Direct aortic cannulation was employed in 80 patients and peripheral arterial cannulation in 229 patients. Patients who underwent surgery with direct aortic cannulation had hospital mortality (13.8% vs. 13.5%, p=0.962) and stroke/global brain ischemia (22.3% vs. 25.0%, p=0.617) similar to those with peripheral arterial cannulation. The other secondary outcomes were equally distributed between the unmatched study cohorts. Among 74 propensity score matched pairs, direct aortic cannulation had hospital mortality (12.2% vs. 9.5%, p=0.804) and stroke/global brain ischemia rates (21.6% vs. 21.6%, p=1.000) comparable to peripheral arterial cannulation. The composite outcome of hospital mortality/stroke/global brain ischemia (29.7% vs. 27.0%, p=0.855), multiple stroke (16.2% vs. 17.6%, p=1.000), renal replacement therapy (11.8% vs. 13.0%, p=1.000) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (mean, 4.9±4.5 vs. 4.8±4.9 days, p=0.943) were also equally distributed between these matched cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In this institutional seri

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