The newly discovered molecules are of great interest as a potential source of new anti-cancer therapies. Their role as targets for new drugs and as prognostic markers in neoplasms is discussed in this review.
  Hypopharyngeal cancer accounts for 3-5% of all squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck and has one of the worst prognoses. The aim of the study was to evaluate oncologic and functional treatment outcomes in patients with T3-T4a squamous cell hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer.
 
  Retrospective analysis of the material from one treatment site included 90 patients (81 male, 9 female) who had undergone surgery between 1986 and 2010. Their mean age was 55.06 years (range 36-75).
 
  TNM (T - tumour, N - node, M - metastasis) staging assessment was feasible in 70 treatment-naïve patients (77.78%) 57 (63.33%) were classified to stage T4a, and 13 were classified to T3 (14.44%). Cervical lymphadenopathy was observed in 53 (63.3%) patients; in 44 patients (48.89%) postoperative histopathology confirmed metastatic disease.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/l-arginine-l-glutamate.html  G2 or G3 SCC was detected in 80% of patients. All patients underwent laryngopharyngoesophagectomy (LPE). Digestive tract reconstruction was performed using one of two methods jejunal autograft (JA) in 79 patients (87.78 %) - Group A or ileocolic autograft (IA) in 11 patients (12.22%) - Group B. Comparative statistical analysis of both groups showed statistically significant differences only for substitute speech production. The mean survival time of patients from both groups was 2.21 years after reconstruction surgery.
 
  JA or IA for digestive tract reconstruction in patients after LPE are burdened with high risk of complications but offer patients the chance of a normal oral diet shortly after surgery. Ileocolic autograft enables rapid production of substitute speech.
 JA or IA for digestive tract reconstruction in patients after LPE are burdened with high risk of complications but offer patients the chance of a normal oral diet shortly after surgery. Ileocolic autograft enables rapid production of substitute speech.
  Obesity has been linked with an increased incidence of melanoma; however, there are few data about its impact on melanoma prognosis. We aimed to determine if there is an association between body mass index (BMI) and overall survival (OS) in 707 patients with melanoma.
 
  A retrospective study of 707 patients with melanoma collected consecutively from 2005 to 2015 with a diagnosis of melanoma, who were been diagnosed and treated in our institution and who had clinical follow-up was carried out. Survival analysis was performed comparing patients according to their BMI.
 
  In a multivariate analysis, factors influencing the 5-year OS were a positive margin (HR = 3.475, 95% CI 1.829-6.600), the clinical-stage (HR = 2.565, 95% CI 2.020-3.257, per switch to the upper stage), ulceration (HR = 3.475, 95% CI 1.829-6.600), and BMI (HR .905, 
  = 0.018 for the overweight group; HR = 0.663, 
  = 0.021 for obesity grade I).
 
  Patients who had a BMI between 25 and 34.9 kg/m
  had better survival.
 Patients who had a BMI between 25 and 34.9 kg/m2 had better survival.
  To analyse the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) based on morphologic and enhancement patterns of mass lesions in dense breast using different protocols CESM without delayed image and CESM with delayed image.
 
  A total of 151 informed women with suspicious for malignancy mass lesions in dense breast were included in this study. All of them underwent CESM using 2 protocols. A total of 155 lesions were pathomorphologically verified. We analysed morphologic patterns on low-energy (LE) images and recombined images (RI) by defining the shape, margin, and dynamic patterns based on delayed images.
 
  The comparative analysis revealed that the shape and margins on RI were more significant than those on LE images. The dynamic indicators of CESM were found to be highly significant in dense breasts. The correlation between kinetic curve and histological results demonstrated that a persistent type of curve was common for benign lesions, accounting for 15/22 (68.1%); plateau and washout - for malignant lesions, accounting for 24/89 (26.9%) and 61/89 (68.5%), respectively. Delayed image leads to an increase of specificity up to 12.4%, which is statistically significant. The area under the curve (AUC) in CESM with delayed image is larger than that in CESM without delayed image (
  < 0.01).
 
  CESM is sensitive for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. CESM with delayed image has higher specificity than CESM without delayed image. Delayed images with plateau and washout are typical for malignancy.
 CESM is sensitive for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. CESM with delayed image has higher specificity than CESM without delayed image. Delayed images with plateau and washout are typical for malignancy.
  The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse tumour control, toxicity, and aesthetic outcome of patients affected by non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treated with 192 Ir high-dose-rate (HDR)-brachytherapy (BT) at the Division of Radiotherapy, University of Pisa.
 
  From January 2014 to December 2019 we treated 37 patients (median age 79 years; range 31-91 years) affected by NMSC, with the following histological subtypes 62.2% basal cell carcinoma and 37.8% squamous cell carcinoma. We analysed 40 lesions with a depth ≤ 5 mm, located in 40.0% scalp, 17.5% nose, 25.0% face, and 17.5% ear, all treated with 192 Ir-based HDR-BT, using tailored custom moulds, with a median of 5 catheters (range, 1-9) spaced 1 cm apart. The most common fractionation scheme was 40 Gy in 8 daily fractions; the biological effective dose was 60 Gy.
 
  The median follow-up was 25 months (range, 3-70 months). The 2-year local control rate was 90%. Common terminology criteria for adverse event (CTCAE vs. 5.0) G1 toxicities were dermatitis (52%), pain (25%), and ulceration (22%). The only G2 acute toxicities were dermatitis and ulceration. The most common G1 late toxicities were fibrosis (17%), atrophy (15%), and hypopigmentation (12%). No G3 or higher acute or late toxicity was reported. Excellent cosmetic results were observed in 65.0% of the lesions; only 1 case (2.5%) reported a poor cosmetic result.
 
  Surface mould HDR-BT is a safe, effective, and well tolerated treatment modality for NMSC and can be considered a good alternative, especially for elderly patients who are often unfit for surgery.
 Surface mould HDR-BT is a safe, effective, and well tolerated treatment modality for NMSC and can be considered a good alternative, especially for elderly patients who are often unfit for surgery.