Oral antioxidant supplementation is part of the treatment of infertility associated with oxidative stress-related sperm damage. It is possible to assume that the combined use of antioxidants will be better than single agent use. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different antioxidant combinations in infertile men with increased sperm DNA fragmentation.
 
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 637 patients who underwent antioxidant support therapy for increased sperm DNA damage between 2014 and 2019. Patients with DNA damage of 30% or more were included study.
 
  A total of 163 patients with follow-up data and who fulfilled the study criteria were included in the study. There were four different treatment groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/FK-506-(Tacrolimus).html  After 3 months of antioxidant treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in sperm DNA damage in all treatment groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups.
 
  The complexity of the antioxidant combination may not contribute to the success of the treatment or may cause possible side effects, increase the cost of treatment and decrease patient compliance.
 The complexity of the antioxidant combination may not contribute to the success of the treatment or may cause possible side effects, increase the cost of treatment and decrease patient compliance.
  Total sperm count (TSC) has been declining worldwide over the last several decades due to unknown etiologies. Our aim was to model the contribution that the obesity epidemic may have on declining TSC.
 
  Obesity rates were determined since 1973 using the WHO's Global Health Observatory data. A literature review was performed to determine the association between TSC and obesity. Using the measured obesity rates and published TSC since 1973, a model was created to evaluate the association between temporal trends in obesity/temperature and sperm count.
 
  Since 1973, obesity prevalence in the United States was increased from 41% to 67.9%. A review of the literature showed that body mass index (BMI) categories 2, 3, and 4 were associated with TSC (millions) of 164.27, 155.71, and 142.29, respectively. The contribution to change over time for obesity from 1974 to 2011 was modeled at 1.8%. When the model was changed to represent the most extreme possible contribution to obesity reported, the modeled change over time rose to 7.2%. When stratified according to fertility status, the contribution that BMI had to falling sperm counts for all comers was 1.7%, while those presenting for fertility evaluation was 2.1%.
 
  While the decline in TSC may be partially due to rising obesity rates, these contributions are minimal which highlights the complexity of this problem.
 While the decline in TSC may be partially due to rising obesity rates, these contributions are minimal which highlights the complexity of this problem.
  We performed a questionnaire survey to investigate various issues in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis (CP) performed by Greek urologists and to assess some aspects of prostatitis workup in Greece. Replies were compared with those of Italian clinical research partners in an attempt to clarify the CP diagnostic approaches in Southern European Mediterranean countries.
 
  We translated the original Italian questionnaire presented by Magri and Montanari in the frame of a urological congress held in Milan on October 26th, 2018. Τhis 5-item questionnaire explores clinical practice characteristics, attitudes, and diagnostic strategies for the management of chronic prostatitis (Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis or Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome, according to NIH criteria). After its validation the questionnaire was uploaded in the internet and Greek healthcare professionals were invited by mail to respond. Responses were compared with those of Italian urologists, in order to determine similarities aual guidelines for the optimal diagnosis of CP is becoming imperative.
 Urologists' choices for the diagnostic workup of CP, show a wide international or intra-national variability between Greece and Italy. Although several diagnostic tests are available to differentiate and categorize the types of CP, a large number of urologists use less suitable methods and tests. This fact reflects both the lack of consensual vision in the literature and the difficulties encountered on a daily basis by the physicians. Under the light of this evidence, the need of studies establishing consensual guidelines for the optimal diagnosis of CP is becoming imperative.
  In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SWL treatment in elderly patients with kidney stones.
 
  Data from a total of 3024 patients who underwent SWL treatment for urinary tract stone disease in three centers of our university were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 1433 patients in the adult age group treated for single kidney stones were included in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups (18-40, 41-64 and ≥ 65) years depending on their age. Demographic data, stone parameters, stone-free rate (SFR) and clinically insignificant residual fragment (CIRF) rate, number of SWL sessions and complication rate were analyzed according to the age groups.
 
  The mean age of the patients was 47.38 ± 13.24 years. Stone size was significantly lower in the 18-40 years age group compared to other groups (p = 0.000) and the stones were mostly located on the right side in this age group (p = 0.007). There was no significant relationship between age groups and gender, stone localization, and number of SWL sessions. The overall SFR was 66.4%. Although the SFR was lower (61.4%) and the rate of multiple sessions (27.2%) was higher in ≥ 65 years group, there was no statistically significant difference between age groups regarding SFR, CIRF, need for additional sessions, and complication rates.
 
  Due to its similar clinical results, treatment of SWL should not be ignored as a treatment option in the geriatric patient group with kidney stones.
 Due to its similar clinical results, treatment of SWL should not be ignored as a treatment option in the geriatric patient group with kidney stones.