are centres. In addition, the procedures and measurement tools developed for this study will be foundational to the development of a multi-site, randomised stepped wedge study that would provide more robust evidence in support of the Lost & Found intervention. © The Author(s). 2020.Background Neural damage at early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) can subtly affect gait muscle activation patterns. Detecting these changes using current clinical tools, however, is not possible. We propose using muscle coactivation measures to detect these subtle gait changes. This may also help in identifying people with MS (PwMS) that may benefit from strategies aimed at preventing further mobility impairments. Objective We aimed to determine if coactivation of ankle muscles during gait is greater in PwMS with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score less then 3.5. A secondary aim is to determine whether coactivation increases are speed dependent. Methods For this study 30 PwMS and 15 healthy controls (HC) walked on a treadmill at 1.0 m/s, 1.2 m/s and 1.4 m/s. Electromyography was recorded from the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SO) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG). The coactivation index was calculated between SO/TA and LG/TA. Ankle kinematics data were also collected. Results Compared with HC, PwMS exhibited significantly greater SO/TA and LG/TA coactivation, which was greater during early stance and swing phases (p  less then  .01). Speed did not affect coactivation except during early stance. Ankle kinematic changes were also observed. Conclusion PwMS exhibited greater ankle muscles coactivation than controls regardless of the speed of walking. These changes in muscle activation may serve as a biomarker of neurodegeneration occurring at early stages of the disease.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/inx-315.html  © The Author(s) 2020.Background Seasonal influenza is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. During the 2017-2018 flu season, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention noted approximately 959,000 hospitalizations and 79,400 deaths from influenza. We sought to evaluate the educational quality of informational videos pertaining to seasonal influenza on the popular social media forum, YouTube. Methods Using the keywords "seasonal influenza," all videos from 28 January to 5 February 2017 were included and analyzed for characteristics, source, and content. The source was further classified as healthcare provider, alternative-medicine provider, the patient and/or their parents, company, media, or professional society. Videos about other categories of influenza (e.g. swine or Spanish) or in foreign languages were excluded. A total of 10 blinded reviewers scored each video independently. Results Overall, 300 videos were analyzed, with a median of 341.50 views, 1.00 likes, 0 dislikes, and 0 comments. Based on the average scores of videos by source, there was statistically significant difference in the average score among videos by video source (p  less then  0.01). Healthcare provider videos had the highest mean scores whereas alternative medicine provider videos had the lowest. Conclusions Although the aforementioned video sources scored higher than others, these videos did not fulfill our criteria as far as educating patients thoroughly. Our data also suggest alternative medicine and patient source videos were misleading for patients.Clinical implications Although videos by healthcare providers were a better source of information, videos on seasonal influenza were shown to be poor sources of valid healthcare information. This study reiterates the need for higher-quality educational videos on seasonal influenza by the medical community. © The Author(s) 2020.Background To address increasing demand of mental healthcare treatments for older adults and the need to reduce delivery costs, healthcare providers are turning to mobile applications. The importance of psychological barriers have been highlighted in the uptake of mobile-based mental health interventions and efforts have been made to identify these barriers in order to facilitate initial uptake and acceptance. However, limited research has focused on older adults' awareness of these applications and factors that might be hindering their use. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived barriers that older adults experience in the uptake of mobile-based mental health interventions. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 10 older adults, 50 years or older (female = 7, mean age = 68 years), who experienced periods of low mood. National Health Service applications were demonstrated to facilitate conversation and explore participants' understanding of mental health and mobile-based mental health interventions. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts. Results The social ecological model was adopted as an organising framework for the thematic analysis which identified six distinct barriers to older adults' uptake of mobile-based mental health interventions mental electronic-health (e-health) awareness, interaction with technology, discontinuation, 'seeing' facilitates therapeutic alliance, incongruent role of the general practitioner and privacy and confidentiality. Conclusions Older adults experience a number of barriers to uptake ranging from the individual level to a macro, organisational level. The practical implications of these barriers are discussed such as the need for increased awareness of mobile-based mental health interventions among older adults. © The Author(s) 2020.Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the state of smartphone applications for cancer intended for the general public with a focus on interactive features, content sources, and application developer affiliations. The level of health provider involvement in screening or appraising application content was also assessed. Methods A total of 123 apps were identified for analysis from two major mobile application marketplaces (Apple iTunes = 40; Google Play = 83). Application characteristics were collected, analyzed, and reported. These included the mobile platform, cost, application developer affiliation, date of last update, purpose of application, content sources, and interactive features. Results In the study sample, 50% of the applications focused on general information for cancer (62/123). Next, this was followed by applications for breast cancer (15%, 19/123) and skin cancer (7%, 8/123). Only 10% of application descriptions (12/123) identified sources for application content. Interactive features included the ability to monitor symptoms, side effects, treatments, and chronic pain (20%, 25/123).