https://www.selleckchem.com/products/isa-2011b.html While accurate assessment of intravascular volume status is best accomplished through a combination of these methods, this article will focus specifically on the measurement of capillary refill time and it’s growing application in guiding medical diagnosis and subsequent management.The frontalis muscle plays a significant role in our day-to-day social interactions. As the only muscle that raises the eyebrows, its function goes beyond simply keeping the brows out of one’s visual field; it is also necessary for conveying emotions and nonverbal communication. The antagonist muscles to the frontalis muscle are the procerus muscle, the corrugator supercilii muscle, and the orbicularis oculi muscle. (Fig 1) The frontalis, corrugator, procerus, and orbicularis muscles all have cutaneous insertions and have a confluence at the glabella, and the orbital rim, where their respective movements and forces extended to the skin may cause cutaneous rhytids (frown lines, smile lines, forehead lines, horizontal nasal lines). The balance between these muscles determines the eyebrow position and shape.The role of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) in the pathogenesis of pain and the use of sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) was first described as sphenopalatine neuralgia by Sluder in 1908. He described sphenopalatine neuralgia as a unilateral facial pain symptom complex with associated neuralgic, motor, sensory, and gustatory manifestations. Today, blockade of the sphenopalatine ganglion is utilized to treat a number of painful conditions.Multiple biliary duct hamartomas or “von Meyenburg complexes” are rare, benign liver malformations characterized by cystic dilated biliary ducts that were first discovered in 1918 by Von Meyenburg. They are usually incidentally found at autopsy or laparotomy due to the asymptomatic clinical course. They are usually diagnosed on imaging as single or multiple small cystic nodules ranging from 0.05 to