https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apx-115-free-base.html A differential evolution algorithm was used to optimize the multi-variable, DMSO-free preservation protocol in 8 experiments. hiPSC aggregates frozen in the optimized solution did not exhibit the same sensitivity to undercooling as those frozen in non-optimized solutions or DMSO, indicating superior adaptability of the optimized solution to different freezing modalities and unplanned deviations. This investigation shows the importance of optimization, explains the mechanisms and advantages of a DMSO-free solution, and enables not only improved cryopreservation of hiPSCs but potentially other cell types for translational regenerative medicine. Copyright © 2020 Li, Hornberger, Dutton and Hubel.Mulberry (Morus) is an economically important woody tree that is suitable for use in sericulture as forage and in medicine. However, this broad-leaved tree is facing multiple threats ranging from phytopathogens to insect pests. Here, a Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium (ZJU1) was frequently isolated from healthy mulberry plants by screening for foliar endophytes showing antagonism against pathogens and pests. Whole-genome sequencing and annotation resulted in a genome size of 4.06 Mb and classified the bacterium as a novel strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens that has rarely been identified from tree leaves. An integrative approach combining traditional natural product chemistry, activity bioassays, and high-resolution mass spectrometry confirmed that strain ZJU1 uses a blend of antimicrobials including peptides and volatile organic compounds to oppose Botrytis cinerea, a major phytopathogenic fungus causing mulberry gray mold disease. We showed that the inoculation of endophyte-free plants with ZJU1 significantly decreased both leaf necrosis and mortality under field conditions. In addition to the direct interactions of endophytes with foliar pathogens, in planta studies suggested that the inoculation of endop