Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. Currently, the first-line treatment for HBV is nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) or interferons (IFNs); however, efficient therapeutic approaches that enable cure are lacking. Therefore, novel anti-HBV agents with mechanisms distinct from those of current drugs are needed. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) was previously identified as an HBV receptor that is inhibited by several compounds. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation also inhibits NTCP function. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of bile acid (BA) derivatives ---namely obeticholic acid (OCA), INT-767 (a dual agonist of FXR and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor [TGR5]), and INT-777 (a TGR5 agonist) --- GW4064 (an FXR agonist), cyclosporin A, and irbesartan. OCA and INT-777 suppressed HBV infection in HepG2-hNTCP-C4 cells. Interestingly, INT-767 showed potent inhibition by attaching to HBV particles rather than binding to NTCP. As an entry inhibitor, INT-767 was stronger than various natural BAs. Further, in chimeric mice with humanized liver, INT-767 markedly delayed the initial rise of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and HBV DNA, and reduced covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). The strong inhibitory effect of INT-767 may be due to the cumulative effect of its ability to inhibit the entry of HBV and to stimulate FXR downstream signaling, which affects the post-entry step. Our results suggest that BA derivatives, particularly INT-767, are prospective candidate anti-HBV agents. Clarifying the underlying mechanisms of BA derivatives would facilitate the development of novel anti-HBV agents. Our results suggest that BA derivatives, particularly INT-767, are prospective candidate anti-HBV agents. Clarifying the underlying mechanisms of BA derivatives would facilitate the development of novel anti-HBV agents. This study aimed to examine the association between workload and patient safety culture (PSC) among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. ICU nurses play a vital role in promoting patient safety and are essential indicators in any healthcare system including ICUs. Research studies focusing on the relationship between nursing workload and PSC among ICU nurses are limited. Descriptive correlational design. The study participants involved 380 ICU nurses at two hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between February 2019-April 2019 and were analysed using SPSS v.22 statistical software. This study was guided by the STROBE checklist. The results showed that ICU nurses have high positive perceptions in the following PSC subscales teamwork within units, organisational learning-continuous improvement, frequency of events reported, feedback and communication about error, management support for patient safety, teamwork across units, supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safing differences and associations with the perceptions of ICU nurses regarding workload and PSC is important because such perceptions may affect their delivery of nursing care. Hospital and nursing administrators must use the study results to find strategies that address workload issues and enhance patient safety. Heart-type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (H-FABP) has been used in the diagnosis of myocardial damage. In this study, we assessed the relationships between serum H-FABP as a marker of cardiac injury and right ventricle (RV) echocardiographic indices in patients with stable COPD. In this case-control study, 84 participants were investigated (50 COPD patients and 34 healthy subjects). After obtaining consent, 3 mL of fasting whole blood sample was collected from each of the participants to test their serum H-FABP. Echocardiography was performed on all participants by cardiologists. Serum H-FABP was found to be significantly correlated with smoking history (P<0.01), Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure (S-PAP), RV Wall Thickness (RV-WT), and Tricuspid annulus posts systolic excursion (TAPSE) (P<0.01 for all). RV Basal Diameter (RV-BD), RV Mid Diameter (RV-MD), and Fractional area change percentage (FAC%) were not observed to have any correlation with serum H-FABP. Also, the comparative analysis showed statistically significant differences between mean RV-MD (P<0.001), RV-BD, FAC%, S-PAP, RV-WT (P<0.001), and TAPSE (P<0.05) of patients at different GOLD stages. There was a significant correlation between the adjusted serum level of H-FABP and the airflow limitation based on FEV1 (P<0.001). The correlation between serum H-FABP and RV echocardiographic indices such as S-PAP, RV-WT, and TAPSE, can be related to RV function in COPD patients. Moreover, RV echocardiographic indices are significantly correlated with the severity of COPD as classified in various GOLD stages. The correlation between serum H-FABP and RV echocardiographic indices such as S-PAP, RV-WT, and TAPSE, can be related to RV function in COPD patients. Moreover, RV echocardiographic indices are significantly correlated with the severity of COPD as classified in various GOLD stages. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder in which the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells is abnormal. SCD patients are at increased risks for strokes and neurocognitive deficit, even though neurovascular screening and treatments have lowered the rate of overt strokes. Tract-specific analysis (TSA) is a statistical method to evaluate microstructural WM damage in neurodegenerative disorders, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We utilized TSA and compared 11 major brain WM tracts between SCD patients with no history of overt stroke, anemic controls, and healthy controls. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mps1-in-6-compound-9-.html We additionally examined the relationship between the most commonly used DTI metric of WM tracts and neurocognitive performance in the SCD patients and healthy controls. Disruption of WM microstructure orientation-dependent metrics for the SCD patients was found in the genu of the corpus callosum (CC), cortico-spinal tract, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and left uncinate fasciculus.