losis patients with age ≥50 years and those having extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients should be screened for diabetes mellitus.
  Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is a frequent cause of megaloblastic anemia, manifested through various symptoms. Screening for this deficiency can be justified in case of patients with one or more risk factors present from the following gastric resections, inflammatory bowel disease, use of metformin over a prolonged period of time, administration of proton pump inhibitors or H2 histamine receptor blockers for more than 12 months and in case of adults over 75 years of age. One method of determining vitamin B12 deficiency is measuring its serum levels, as well as performing measurements of serum levels of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels, which experience an increase in the early stages of vitamin B12 deficiency.
 
  We bring to your attention, the case of a 62 years old patient diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in 2015 that presented in the emergency room in October 2019 with an altered general condition, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, palpitation, and dyspnea. Treatment with metformin was initiated from the diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, four years before. Investigations established the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia by vitamin B12 deficiency. The symptoms disappeared after the injection of vitamin B12.
 
  Periodical dosing of vitamin B12 should be performed in the case of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus treated with metformin, especially if they associate anemia and/or peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy.
 Periodical dosing of vitamin B12 should be performed in the case of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus treated with metformin, especially if they associate anemia and/or peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy.
  Gut-microbiota alterations and bacterial translocation might attribute to hepatic inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide stimulates toll-like receptor 4 leading to the activation of Kupffer cells which express the surface receptor, CD 163.
 
  To assess the levels of CD 163 and LPS in overweight and obese patients with different degrees of NAFLD as confirmed by liver biopsy (NAS score).
 
  This is an observational case-control study. Sixty overweight and obese patients with NAFLD and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Liver biopsy was obtained from all participants with NAFLD. LPS and CD 163 levels were assessed using ELISA.
 
  The mean LPS and CD163 levels were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD when compared with healthy controls (p-value <0.001, p-value <0.001, respectively). LPS and CD163 levels were the lowest in Non-NASH (13.17 ± 3.34, 5.61 ± 2.35 ng/mL, respectively) and the highest in NASH (58.61 3± 3.81, 18.11 ± 6.84, respectively) (p-value <0.001, p-value <0.001, respectiveicrobiota-targeted therapies in restoring the gut homeostasis.
 sCD163 and LPS can be used as non-invasive tools for diagnosis and grading of NAFLD severity in overweight and obese patients, thus confirming the role of dysbiosis in fat deposition and inflammation and suggesting the potential benefits of gut-microbiota-targeted therapies in restoring the gut homeostasis.
  The suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) has two main splice variants including a membrane bound (ST2) form, which activates the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and a secreted soluble form (sST2), which acts as a decoy receptor for ST2 ligand, interleukin (IL)-33. The IL-33/ST2 axis is protective against obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In humans, adipose tissue IL-33 displays distinct correlation profiles with glycated hemoglobin, ST2, and other immunometabolic mediators, depending on the glycemic health of the individuals. We determined whether adipose tissue ST2 displays distinct correlation profiles with immunometabolic mediators and whether ST2 and/or IL-33 are correlated with intracellular signaling molecules.
 
  A total of 91 adults with normal glycemia, prediabetes, and T2D were included. After measuring their anthropometric and biochemical parameters, subcutaneous adipose tissues were isolated and mRNA exprbolic disorders.
 Adipose tissue ST2 and IL-33 show different correlation profiles with various immunometabolic biomarkers depending on the metabolic state of the individuals. Therefore, targeting the IL-33/ST2 axis might form the basis for novel therapies to combat metabolic disorders.
  Lack of regional- and local-based cut-off points of lipid profile and/or anthropometric measurements remains one of the challenges in prevention, early detection and control of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to validate anthropometric-based screening of lipid profiles to develop locally appropriate optimal cut-off points for metabolic syndrome screening.
 
  A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 977 adults in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS windows version 21 and Kappa statistic was used to validate the agreement between anthropometric measurement and lipid profile.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dn02.html  A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 
  Body mass index (BMI) at ≥24.5 was used as screening of dyslipidemia (TG≥150mg/dl) with slight Kappa coefficient of 0.138 (P<0.001) among females while it was ≥22.2 among males with fair (0.275) Kappa coefficientrotein measurement was not applicable for both sexes. In conclusion, researchers and policy makers need to consider locally validated cut-off points to be used for screening metabolic syndrome in the community.
 This study indicated that BMI-based screening of triglyceride was more applicable for both sexes than other anthropometric measurements. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio-based screening of triglyceride were slightly applicable only for males. However, anthropometric-based screening of high-density lipoprotein measurement was not applicable for both sexes. In conclusion, researchers and policy makers need to consider locally validated cut-off points to be used for screening metabolic syndrome in the community.