The decreased level of serum GSH following CCl4 administration was not considerably elevated in the CI+CCl4 group. Furthermore, the level of malondialdehyde in the serum of CI+CCl4 rats was decreased, compared to the CCl4 group. The main compositions of the essential oil from the C. intybus distillate were the antioxidants of Pulegone (8.10%), Piperitenone (7.68%), dihydroactinidiolide (5.0%), and carvone (4.18%). The antioxidant activity of the distillate was obtained at 75µg/l using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) test.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/oxythiamine-chloride-hydrochloride.html  In general, the results of the present study demonstrated that C. intybus distillate, as a safe herbal remedy, can attenuate CCl4-induced oxidative damages via boosting the endogenous antioxidant defense system.Chemotherapy is the main approach for the treatment of cancer; however, it often causes unpleasant oxidative damages. Therefore, the development of an effective alternative/complementary therapy with improved tumor suppression efficiency and lower adverse effects is highly required. Recently, it has been shown that Cyrtopodion scabrum extract (CsE) is an effective and selective tumor suppressor medicine. The present study investigated the antioxidant activity of Cyrtopodion scabrum homogenate (CsH) and CsE and their effects on attenuating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced liver dysfunction in rats. A total of 60 male rats (weight 200-220 g) were divided into six groups and treated for 14 days. The control (group I) and 5-FU (group II) groups received distilled water and 5-FU, respectively. The other four groups were orally administered with CsE, CsH, CsE+5-FU, and CsH+5-FU (groups III to VI), respectively by gavages based on a daily schedule. The 5-FU-induced oxidative damage was evaluated by changes in the weight and food and water intake during the treatment and antioxidant parameters in the liver and serum of the treated rats. The obtained data indicated that the administration of CsH and CsE significantly improved liver function and defense system of antioxidants by attenuating the levels or activities of malondialdehyde, superoxide anion, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase and decrease of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, total protein, and albumin in the liver and serum, induced by 5-FU treatment. The obtained data of the current study suggested that CsH and CsE play a protective role in the imbalance elicited by 5-FU and can be used as alternative/complementary supplements with 5-FU to reduce oxidative damages which is the consequence of reactive oxygen species production in cancerous patients.Mushrooms are cosmopolitan organisms living on different substrates and have different pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects thanks to many bioactive compounds. Edible and medicinal higher fungi have been used by humankind for millennia. They are collected and used directly not only for their nutritional values as a main source of food or as a part of a regular diet but also for their medicinal purpose as a source of powerful new bioactive compounds. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions and therefore lipid-lowering effects correlate with antiatherogenic effects. This study determined the total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total oxidant capacity (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity, and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. Moreover, the effects on atherosclerosis are discussed according to the antioxidant activity of the mushroom. The TAS, TOS, ane to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.Theileriosis is one of the most important diseases in tropical and subtropical regions and leads to annual economic losses, such as the reduction of dairy products and casualties. Although the clinical form of bovine theileriosis has been observed in Afghanistan, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive study has been conducted on this issue. This molecular survey was performed to identify Theileria annulata and tick vectors in dairy cattle in the Herat area, Afghanistan, from June 2015-September 2016. A total of 100 dairy cattle were clinically examined and their blood smears, EDTA blood samples, and ixodid ticks were collected. The blood samples were transported to the laboratory, followed by the preparation of the blood smears and staining with the Giemsa method. The collected ticks were identified at the species (spp) level using the identification key and were then separated into 70 tick pools according to their species. Subsequently, the salivary glands were dissected out in 0.85% saline under a stereomicroscope. The DNA of blood and salivary glands was extracted using a commercial kit and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ring form of Theileria spp infection was observed in 22 (22%) of blood smears, while 74% of blood samples were T. annulata positive using PCR. Among the collected ticks, the numbers of male and female ticks were obtained at 219 and 130 ticks, respectively. The frequency of tick spp was rated in descending order as Hyalomma annatolicum (73.9%), Hyalomma excavatum (22.3%), Hyalomma nymph spp (12%), Hyalomma marginatum (1.7%), Hyalomma asiaticum (1.1%), and Hyalomma rufipes (0.75%). The PCR results showed that seven pools belonging to salivary glands of H. anatolicum were infected with T. annulata. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that T. annulata had a high frequency in dairy cattle and H. anatoloicum was also identified, such as the vectors of T. annulata in the Herat area, Afghanistan.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and early detection of hypodermosis in goats by the investigation of Przhevalskiana larvae and sera collected from the infested animals. This study was conducted in Lorestan province, located in the South-West of Iran, from April 2017 up to April 2018. A total of 3350 goats slaughtered in Lorestan abattoirs were investigated by clinical-parasitological examinations in different periods. The larvae were collected from the back and flank regions of the slaughtered goats. The number of infested animals, gender and age, number of maggots present on the body of each animal, location, and larval stage of warble flies were recorded in this study. To detect an infestation in the early period, a total of 150 blood samples were randomly collected from the field animals in Lorestan, Iran. The morphological findings showed that out of 3350 goats examined, 706 (21.07%) goats were infested. Furthermore, three species of Przhevalskiana, including P. Silenus (n=726, 50.07%), P.crossii (n=440, 30.