Wild-grown fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Fomitopsis betulina (Agaricomycetes, birch bracket mushroom, = Piptoporus betulinus) in different growing stages were collected and analyzed for their beta-glucan content. It could be shown that no significant difference in beta-glucan content regarding size or location of the collected fruiting bodies could be determined, but all samples displayed high values of beta-glucan in comparison to other well-known culinary or medicinal mushroom species. Furthermore, F. betulina fruiting bodies extracted with cold sodium chloride were separated into several fractions by cross flow ultrafiltration, and glucan and protein content were analyzed. The fractions showed varying amounts of beta-glucan and very low protein contents were detected. Also, bioactivity of the fractionated extract was analyzed. None of the mushroom extract fractions induced significant cytotoxicity after 48 h of incubation at a concentration up to 1 mg/mL. Interestingly, in a scratch wound assay, the extract FbS 1, an ultrafiltrated fraction > 300 kDa, was able to block tumor cell migration by 38% compared to solvent control after 48 h of incubation at a concentration of 0.33 mg/mL. In conclusion, our results have high potential for identifying novel antitumor activities based on F. betulina.Thank you for the review and helpful comments on our video "Serial Transverse Enteroplasty (STEP procedure) for Short Bowel Syndrome. "Tips and Tricks" A Video Vignette". The patient had more than 4 procedures. In the first procedure an enterectomy and segmental resection of 10 cm of ascending colon was performed. He had abdominal septic complications due to progressive segmental ischemia in the ascending colon; however, we made a big effort to preserve the ileocecal valve. The patient had local septic complications and that is the reason why we decided not to reconstruct in the early postoperative period. A gastrostomy was performed to avoid a long period og nasogastric intubation.Objective To perform a systematic review to identify the clinical, fiscal and environmental evidence on the use of urological telehealth and/or virtual clinic strategies. Our secondary aim was to highlight research gaps in this rapidly evolving field. Methods Our PROSPERO registered (CRD42019151946) systematic search of Embase, Medline and Cochrane Review Database was performed for original research articles pertaining to adult urology telehealth or virtual clinic strategies. Risk of bias (RoB) assessment performed according to Cochrane 2.0 RoB or Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for non-randomised studies. Results 5,813 participants met inclusion from 18 original articles (2 randomised controlled trials; 10 prospective; 6 retrospective). Urology sub-specialities Uro-oncology (n=6), General urology (n=8), Endo-urology (n=2), and Lower urinary tract symptoms and/or incontinence (n=2). Across all sub-specialties, prospective studies utilising VC reported primary median VC discharge rate of 16.6% (IQR 14.7%-29.8%) and primary median face-to-face (FTF) clinic referral rate of 32.4% (IQR 15.5%-53.3%). Further, direct cost analysis demonstrated a median annual cost-savings of £56,232 (IQR £46,260-£61,116). Grade II and IIIb complications were reported in two acute ureteric colic studies, with a rate of 0.20% (3/1,534) and 0.13% (2/1,534), respectively. Annual carbon footprint avoided ranged from 0.7 to 4.35 metric tonnes of CO2 emissions, depending on mode of transport utilised. Patient satisfaction was inconsistently reported, and assessments lacked prospective evaluation using validated questionnaires. Conclusion Virtual urology clinics are a promising new platform which can offer clinical, financial and environmental benefits to support an increasing urological referral burden. Further prospective evidence is required across urological subspecialties to confirm equivalency and safety against traditional face-to-face assessment.This study reports on a comparative study of acid hydrotropic fractionation (AHF) of birch wood using maleic acid (MA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH). Under the same level of delignification, lignin dissolved by MA is much less condensed with a higher content of ether aryl β-O-4 linkages. Lignin depolymerization dominated in MA hydrotropic fractionation (MAHF) and resulted in a single lower Mw peak, in contrast to the competitive depolymerization and repolymerization in p-TsOH HF with a bimodal distribution. The less condensed MA-dissolved lignin facilitated catalytic conversion to monophenols. Carboxylation of residual lignin in fractionated cellulosic solids (WIS) enhanced enzymatic saccharification by decreasing nonproductive cellulase binding to lignin. At a low cellulase loading of 10 FPU g-1 glucan, saccharification of WIS-MT120 from MAHF at 120 °C was 95% compared with 48% for WIS-PT85 from p-TsOH HF at 85 °C under the same level of delignification of 63%. Residual lignin carboxylation also facilitated nanofibrillation of WIS for producing lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) through an enhanced lignin lubrication effect to substantially decrease fibrillation energy. LCNFs from only one pass of microfluidization of WIS-MT120 have the same morphology as those from WIS-PT85 after three passes. MA also has a lower solubility and higher minimal hydrotropic concentration, which facilitated acid recovery. MA is FDA-approved as an indirect food additive (21CFR175-177), affording significant advantages compared with p-TsOH for biorefinery applications.Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic abdominal pain and changes in bowel movements without underlying organic pathology. Many skin diseases have been reported to be more common in individuals with functional bowel diseases. Aims In this study, we aimed to investigate a possible relationship between acne vulgaris (AV) and IBS. Patients/methods This prospective controlled study included patients with AV and healthy volunteers. All the subjects were evaluated in terms of the presence of IBS. The diagnosis of IBS was made based on the ROME IV diagnostic criteria.  https://www.selleckchem.com/CDK.html  The clinical severity of AV was calculated using the global acne grading system (GAGS). Results A total of 300 patients with acne vulgaris and 300 age and gender-matched healthy controls were included in the study. The majority of the patients were female (n = 175, 58.3%). The mean ages of the patients and controls were 20.22 ± 5.24 years and 20.49 ± 5.36 years, respectively. A total of 183 patients (61.