https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apr-246-prima-1met.html Baseline clinical characteristics of children admitted to critical care are remarkably similar, children are young (c30-60 days) and often born prematurely (21-46%). Clinical thresholds for admission as predefined by critical care units in online guidance focus on presence of apnea (observed in 7-42% of admissions), low pulse oxygen saturation and subjective measures (exhaustion and reduced consciousness). Clinical characteristics of children at the time of admission are commonly reported in relation to the modified Woods Clinical Asthma Score (mean = 3.8 to ≥7) and raised pCO2 (range = 8.0-8.8 kPa), with pCO2 the only significant parameter in a multivariate analysis of factors associated with intubation. KEY POINTS · More children are being admitted to intensive care over time with increased costs.. · Cultural, organizational, and clinical variance exist between centers and countries.. · Comparing and aligning admissions is difficult as there are no standardized criteria..Fetal exposure to infection and inflammation can result in accelerated lung maturation and simultaneously altered lung development. This alteration is characterized by reduced alveolar and vascular formation that is one of the hallmarks of the changes observed in animal models and in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). These opposite effects on maturation and on lung development can explain the reduced severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) but increased incidence of BPD observed in infants exposed to antenatal infections. This also explains why infants born to mothers with chorioamnionitis or colonized with ureaplasma urealitycum have an increased risk of lung injury and BPD. Despite the negative effects of infection on lung development, there is no clear evidence that antibiotic therapy improves the respiratory course in these infants. While the administration of azithromycin to ureaplasma colonized infants is effec