https://www.selleckchem.com/MEK.html Differentiating multiple sclerosis (MS) from vascular risk factor (VRF)-small vessel disease (SVD) can be challenging. In order to determine whether or not pontine lesion location is a useful discriminator of MS and VRF-SVD, we classified pontine lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as central or peripheral in 93 MS cases without VRF, 108 MS patients with VRF and 43 non-MS cases with VRF. MS without VRF were more likely to have peripheral pons lesions (31.2%, 29/93) than non-MS with VRF (0%, 0/43) (Exp( ) = 29.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.98, 448.3);  = 0.014) but there were no significant differences regarding central pons lesions between MS without VRF (5.4%, 5/93) and non-MS with VRF patients (16.3%, 7/43) (Exp( ) = 0.89; 95% CI = (0.2, 3.94);  = 0.87). The presence of peripheral pons lesions discriminated between MS and VRF-SVD with 100% (95% CI = (91.8, 100)) specificity. The proportion of peripheral pons lesions in MS with VRF (30.5%, 33/108) was similar to that seen in MS without VRF (31.2%, 29/93,  = 0.99). Central lesions occurred in similar frequency in MS with VRF (8.3%, 9/108) and non-MS with VRF (16.3%, 7/43,  = 0.15). Peripheral pons lesion location is a good discriminator of MS from vascular lesions. Peripheral pons lesion location is a good discriminator of MS from vascular lesions.The opioid stewardship model is born out of the antimicrobial stewardship model, and thus there are many shared characteristics. Both opioid stewardship and antimicrobial stewardship are based on the principle that there is an indication for a particular medication in the right patient at the right time. As antimicrobial stewardship is in a later stage of development, looking at the two in parallel can lead to interesting learning and development opportunities for opioid stewardship. Two requirements of antimicrobial stewardship that need to be applied to opioid stewardship for optimum outcomes are the requirement f