https://www.selleckchem.com/products/MK-1775.html No clear guidelines exist for appropriate surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis. The spectrum varies from isolated posterior instrumentation and fusion (PIF-only) to vertebral column resections. Multiple posterior column osteotomies (PCOs) with and without concave rib osteotomies have previously been suggested as an alternative to invasive 3-column osteotomies. The aim of the study is to analyze outcomes of spinal surgery in congenital scoliosis patients for a new treatment algorithm based on a traction radiograph under general anesthesia (TruGA). Surgical intervention was determined according to flexibility with TruGA patients with >40% correction underwent PIF-only; patients with <40% of correction underwent PCO. Patients, who had <30% of correction in TruGA and/or more than 5 vertebral levels with failure of segmentation, underwent additional concave rib osteotomies. The radiologic and clinical results were compared. Forty-three patients met inclusion criteria (14M). The mean age was 13mies for adequate correction. Level III. Level III. There is an unmet need to improve the description of the state of T-cell exhaustion in patients with sepsis, its reproducibility and correlation with the outcomes before including immunotherapy (like recombinant interleukin-7 or immune checkpoint inhibitors) in the therapeutic armamentarium against sepsis. Observational prospective study. Two ICUs in a teaching hospital (France). Eighty patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU. Quantification of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion at days 1 and 3. Quantification of the exhaustion markers (programmed death [PD]-1, 2B4, and cluster of differentiation [CD] 160) on T cells, the number of CD4+ regulatory T cells (CD3+ CD4+ CD25hi CD127Lo cells), and the phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin/ionomycin-induced cytokines production (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, and interferon-γ). Using unsupervised clustering analysis, patients c