To determine the relationship between vitamin D status and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) of physically active men and women across seasons (study 1). Then, to investigate the effects on URTI and mucosal immunity of achieving vitamin D sufficiency (25(OH)D ≥50 nmol·L-1) by a unique comparison of safe, simulated-sunlight or oral D3 supplementation in winter (study 2).
 
  In study 1, 1,644 military recruits were observed across basic military training. In study 2, a randomized controlled trial, 250 men undertaking military training received either placebo, simulated-sunlight (1.3x standard erythemal dose, three-times-per-week for 4-weeks and then once-per-week for 8-weeks) or oral vitamin D3 (1,000 IU·day-1 for 4-weeks and then 400 IU·day-1 for 8-weeks). URTI was diagnosed by physician (study 1) and Jackson common cold questionnaire (study 2). Serum 25(OH)D, salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and cathelicidin were assessed by LC-MS/MS and ELISA.
 
  In study 1, only 21% of recruits were vitamin D sufficient during winter. Vitamin D sufficient recruits were 40% less likely to suffer URTI than recruits with 25(OH)D <50 nmol·L-1 (OR (95% CI) = 0.6 (0.4-0.9)); an association that remained after accounting for sex and smoking.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/semaxanib-su5416.html  Each URTI caused on average 3 missed training days. In study 2, vitamin D supplementation strategies were similarly effective to achieve vitamin D sufficiency in almost all (≥95%). Compared to placebo, vitamin D supplementation reduced the severity of peak URTI symptoms by 15% and days with URTI by 36% (P < 0.05). These reductions were similar with both vitamin D strategies (P > 0.05). Supplementation did not affect salivary SIgA or cathelicidin.
 
  Vitamin D sufficiency reduced the URTI burden during military training.
 Vitamin D sufficiency reduced the URTI burden during military training.
  The goals of this work were to 1) determine the relationship between psychological readiness for return to sport and side-to-side symmetry during jump-landing in patients recovering from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and 2) determine whether psychological readiness for return to sport, graft type, meniscal pathology, sex, and time since surgery could predict landing symmetry in ACLR patients.
 
  Thirty-eight patients recovering from primary unilateral ACLR (22 male/16 female; 19 patellar tendon autograft/19 hamstring autograft; age 16.3 ± 1.9 years; 25.7 ± 6.2 weeks post-operative) completed the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) and ten bilateral stop-jumps. Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were collected at 240 and 1920 Hz, respectively. Peak knee extension moment limb symmetry index (LSI) was computed during the first landing of the stop-jump. The relationship between the ACL-RSI and peak knee extension moment LSI was determined usvement confidence results in improved kinetic landing symmetry.
  Gluteal fibrosis (GF) is a fibrotic infiltration of the gluteal muscles resulting in functionally limiting contracture of the hips and is associated with injections of medications into the gluteal muscles. It has been reported in numerous countries throughout the world. This study assesses the 5-year postoperative range of motion (ROM) and functional outcomes for Ugandan children who underwent surgical release of GF.
 
  A retrospective cohort study of children who underwent release of GF in 2013 at Kumi Hospital in Eastern Uganda. Functional outcomes, hip ROM, and scar satisfaction data were collected for all patients residing within 40 km of the hospital.
 
  One hundred eighteen children ages 4 to 16 at the time of surgery were treated with surgical release of GF in 2013 at Kumi Hospital. Of those 118, 89 were included in this study (79.5%). The remaining 29 were lost to follow-up or lived outside the study's radius. Detailed preoperative ROM and functional data were available for 53 of the 89 patients. In comparison with preoperative assessment, all patients postoperatively reported ability to run normally (P<0.001), sit upright in a chair (P<0.001), sit while eating (P<0.001), and attend the entire day of school (P<0.001). Passive hip flexion (P<0.001) improved when compared with preoperative measurements. In all, 85.2% (n=75) of patients reported satisfaction with scar appearance as "ok," "good," or "excellent" 29.2% (n=26) of patients reported back or hip complaints.
 
  Overall, the 5-year postoperative outcomes suggest that surgical release of GF improves ROM and functional quality of life with sustained effect.
 
  Level IV-case series.
 Level IV-case series.
  Nearly 1 in 5 American children are obese. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between childhood obesity and perioperative complications, patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and functional recovery after closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of type II and III supracondylar humerus fractures.
 
  Retrospective review of patients treated operatively with CRPP of Wilkins modification of the Gartland classification type II and III supracondylar humerus fractures was performed over a 1-year timeframe (July 1, 2016 to July 1, 2017). One hundred forty-four patients under the age of 16 treated were identified. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for age. Obesity as a risk factor for poor outcomes was assessed. The primary outcome measure was postoperative PRO [quick-DASH, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-UE, PROMIS Global Health, and PROMIS Pain scores].
 
  Mean age at surgery was 5.9 years (SD=2.1, 1.07 todifference in complications or PRO among obese patients compared with nonobese patients.
 
  Level IV-retrospective cohort study.
 Level IV-retrospective cohort study.
  Children with early onset scoliosis (EOS) undergoing spine surgery often have significant respiratory disease. Preoperative risk assessments that predict an increased length of hospital stay (LOS) for this group have not been previously evaluated.
 
  A voluntary protocol using preoperative lung function studies began among participants of a multicenter registry in 2016. Preoperative assessments were standardized to include spirometry, blood hemoglobin levels, serum bicarbonate, albumin and prealbumin; radiographic parameters of the spine, C-EOS classification and need for preoperative pulmonary assistance before initial growth friendly device insertion or "definitive" spine fusion. Primary outcome was LOS postoperatively. Data, including age, diagnosis, and type of surgery, was collected prospectively. Secondary outcomes measured included intensive care unit LOS, requirement for new pulmonary assistance on discharge, and pulmonary complications. Groups were compared using the Fisher exact tests.
 
  Of 525 children enrolled, 101 (20%) had preoperative spirometry.