https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Etopophos.html 431 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI] 34.01 to 212.851; P = .007), lower pain score at the fourth and eighth postoperative hours (4 hr-WMD 2.757; 95% CI 0.893 to 4.62; P = .004; 8 hr-WMD 1.697; 95% CI 1.178 to 2.216; P less then .001), and lower number of analgesics requirement (WMD 0.663; 95% CI 0.258 to 1.067; P = .001). The onset of anesthesia was slower for bupivacaine (WMD 0.865 minutes; 95% CI 0.799 to 0.931; P less then .001). However, for success of anesthesia (risk ratio 1.003; 95% CI 0.972 to 1.035; P = .831) and duration of analgesia (WMD 45.285 minutes; 95% CI -48.021 to 138.537; P = .342), the local anesthetic agents showed no significant differences. Conclusions Except for the onset of anesthesia, bupivacaine showed better anesthetic and analgesic properties than other local anesthetic agents for mandibular third molar surgery.An edentulous posterior maxilla can present a challenge for placement of dental implants due to the proximity of the maxillary sinus. Sinus augmentation is a surgical bone grafting procedure aimed to increase the bone height for implant support. A number of sinus augmentation techniques have been presented and the outcomes show good implant success rates. In order to achieve the desirable outcomes, it is important to gain knowledge of the maxillary sinus anatomy and complete a thorough preoperative evaluation. Being aware of the location of vasculature, nerves, and the presence of septa will help reduce the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. This review provides a narrative clinical overview related to the anatomy, preoperative evaluation, contraindications, techniques, postoperative care, outcome measures, and complications of sinus augmentation procedures.Objectives Long-term retrospective evaluation of the survival rate and the technical and biologic outcomes of all-ceramic inlays and onlays in premolars and molars. Method and materials Fifty-four pat