General practitioners (GP) are key players in screening and counselling for smokers and alcohol drinkers exceeding French guidelines for low-risk consumption thresholds. Tackling the subject from the patients' perspective, the authors aim at estimating the proportion of the population having discussed their smoking and alcohol consumption with their GPs, and to pinpoint the factors associated with their having done so.
 
  The data (n=6346) are derived from nationwide representative phone survey in mainland France conducted by the French public health monitoring center Baromètre de Santé publique France.
 
  Among the persons aged 18-75 having consulted a GP over the last 12 months (82.5%), 36.7% stated that smoking had been discussed in consultation while 16.8% had talked about alcohol use. For both substances, being a man, a smoker, an excessive alcohol user and having a chronic illness were not only independently associated with being questioned by one's doctor, but also with more frequent patient initiative. About 87% considered it normal to be asked by their GP about their alcohol intake, this proportion being higher among men and people with high incomes.
 
  Even though a large portion of the population would deem it normal to discuss smoking and alcohol intake in consultation with a GP, the subjects are rarely broached. Our results underline the need to bolster efforts at systematic screening for substance use by GPs.
 Even though a large portion of the population would deem it normal to discuss smoking and alcohol intake in consultation with a GP, the subjects are rarely broached. Our results underline the need to bolster efforts at systematic screening for substance use by GPs.
  Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus responsible for causing the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19).
 
  This article discusses the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in pregnant patients, the effects of pregnancy on the course of COVID-19 disease, and the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes.
 
  The physiological and mechanical changes associated with pregnancy increase maternal susceptibility to infections and complicate intubation and mechanical ventilation. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant patients are cough and fever, although many infected individuals are asymptomatic. The majority of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 disease have a mild course of illness and will recover without needing to deliver, but the risks of critical illness and need for mechanical ventilation are increased compared to the general population. Risk factors for death and severe disease include obesity, diabetes, and maternal age>40years. Women in their third trimester have the highest risk for critical illness, intensive care unit admission, and need for mechanical ventilation. Adverse fetal outcomes of maternal COVID-19 infection include increased risk of miscarriage, prematurity, and fetal growth restriction. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible but has not been conclusively proven.
 
  COVID-19 is a potentially deadly infection, but data are limited concerning the pregnant population. Pregnant patients appear to present similarly to the general population, with fever and cough being the most reported symptoms in studies. Knowledge of these presentations and outcomes can assist clinicians caring for these patients.
 COVID-19 is a potentially deadly infection, but data are limited concerning the pregnant population. Pregnant patients appear to present similarly to the general population, with fever and cough being the most reported symptoms in studies. Knowledge of these presentations and outcomes can assist clinicians caring for these patients.
  Epinephrine is recommended in contemporary educational efforts by the American Heart Association (AHA) as central to adult Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). However, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) 2019 recommendations update describes large evidentiary gaps for epinephrine use in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, highlighting that clinical and experimental evidence do not support the current AHA recommendations.
 
  This controversies article was written as a response to updated AHA and ILCOR adult ACLS recommendations in late 2019. This report summarizes and evaluates the evidence surrounding epinephrine for cardiac arrest with a focus on the historical perspective of epinephrine research.
 
  According to the 2019 AHA ACLS guidelines, epinephrine is an integral component of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation. Epinephrine improves rates of return of spontaneous circulation and might provide benefit at different doses or in select resuscitation scenarios, such asysflect this important consideration.
  Detection of the early stage of atherosclerosis, which does not exhibit macroscopic morphological changes, is currently beyond the scope of any available imaging techniques. Collagens provide mechanical support of vascular wall and subtype I is the major component of the normal vascular wall. During the process of atherosclerosis, collagen III appears first, followed by subtypes IV and V during fibrosis of the intima. Therefore, the presence of collagen III indicates initiation of atherosclerosis. Here, we aimed to visualize collagen subtypes in human coronary wall.
 
  Under microscopy, collagen III was stained emerald-green, collagen I was red, and IV and V were pink in the presence of a mixture of Silius red and Fast green dyes.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/camostat-mesilate-foy-305.html  Fifty-one coronary arteries excised from 20 human autopsy subjects were classified by angioscopy and histology as normal segments, white and yellow plaques, and examined after staining collagen subtypes in their superficial layer with the same dye mixtures.
 
  Normal coronary segmenclerosis, pink is advanced stage of atherosclerosis, and no staining shows the end stage of atherosclerosis at least in superficial layer of coronary artery. Therefore, dye-staining angioscopy using Silius red and Fast green dyes in combination could be used to detect the early and advanced stage of atherosclerosis in superficial layer of human coronary artery.