Furthermore, CSD promoted activated SFK coupling with Panx1 in rat ipsilateral cortices. Moreover, inhibition of NR2A by NVP-AAM077 reduced elevation of ipsilateral SFK-Panx1 interaction, Panx1 activation induced by CSD and cortical susceptibility to CSD in rats. These data suggest NR2A-regulated, SFK-dependent Panx1 activity plays an important role in migraine aura pathogenesis.MicroRNAs (miRNA), are short regulatory RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding specific sequences within target messenger RNA (mRNA) [...].Satureja pilosa Velen. senso lato is a Balkan endemic plant that is not well characterized and is found on rocky outcrops of limestone base in Stara Planina (the Balkan Mountains) and the Rhodope Mountains. The objective of this study was to assess the variability of essential oil (EO) content and composition of S. pilosa collected at 33 locations across the Balkan and Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria using advanced statistical methods including cluster analysis. The EO content in dried aboveground biomass varied from 0.52% to 2.03%. More than 21 EO constituents were identified, belonging to the groups of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The monoterpenes were the predominant class, comprising 84.8% to 96.1% of the total EO. Thymol and carvacrol were the major constituents of the phenolic monoterpenoids. Thymol varied from 36.6% to 67.1% and carvacrol varied from 52.4% to 93.0% of the total oil. p-Cymene also varied widely, from 9.6%-34.0%. There were significant variations between locations and within a location in the EO content and composition. This study identified several chemotypes (1) thymol and p-cymene; (2) thymol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene; (3) carvacrol and p-cymene; (4) carvacrol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene; and (5) carvacrol.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  This is the first comprehensive study on the endemic plant S. pilosa that identified several chemotypes based on the EO composition. The S. pilosa EO from the five different chemotypes exhibited larvicidal and mosquito repellent activity against Aedes aegypti. The identified chemotypes can be utilized for the development of new varieties with desirable compositions to meet specific industry needs and new mosquito management control products.Surface pollution deposition in a high voltage surface can reduce the surface flashover voltage, which is considered to be a serious accident in the transmission of electric power for the high conductivity of pollution in wet weather, such as rain or fog. Accordingly, a rapid and accurate online pollution detection method is of great importance for monitoring the safe status of transmission lines. Usually, to detect the equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) and non-soluble deposit density (NSDD), the pollution should be collected when power cut off and bring back to lab, time-consuming, low accuracy and unable to meet the online detection. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) shows the highest potential for achieving online pollution detection, but its application in high voltage electrical engineering has only just begun to be examined. In this study, a LIBS method for quantitatively detecting the compositions of pollutions on the insulators was investigated, and the spectral characteristics of a natural pollution sample were examined. The energy spectra and LIBS analysis results were compared. LIBS was shown to detect pollution elements that were not detected by conventional energy spectroscopy and had an improved capacity to determine pollution composition. Furthermore, the effects of parameters, such as laser energy intensity and delay time, were investigated for artificial pollutions. Increasing the laser energy intensity and selecting a suitable delay time could enhance the precision and relative spectral intensities of the elements. Additionally, reducing the particle size and increasing the density achieved the same results.The pyrochlore-type (Sr0.6Bi0.305)2Bi2O7 (SBO), containing Bi3+ and Bi5+ mixed valent states, was recently found to be used as a new visible light responsive photocatalyst. Novel SBO/SnO2 heterostructured composites were synthesized through a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The phase structure, morphology, chemical composition, and optical properties of the obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and UV-vis DRS. Compared to pure SBO and SnO2, the synthesized SBO/SnO2 composites exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. The results indicated that the photoinduced holes and superoxide radicals play a dominant role and are the main reactive species during the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) solution under visible light irradiation. Heterojunctions, formed in samples, directly contribute to the improvement of photocatalytic efficiency of SBO/SnO2 composites, since it not only broadens the light response range, but also accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers.Zearalenone and alternariol are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium and Alternaria species, respectively, that present estrogenic activity and consequently are classified as endocrine disruptors. To estimate the exposure of the Portuguese population to these two mycotoxins at a national level, a modelling approach, based on data from 94 Portuguese volunteers, was developed considering as inputs i) the food consumption data generated within the National Food and Physical Activity Survey; and ii) the human biomonitoring data used to assess the exposure to the referred mycotoxins. Six models of association between mycoestrogens urinary levels (zearalenone, total zearalenone and alternariol) and food items (meat, cheese, and fresh-cheese, breakfast cereals, sweets) were established. Applying the obtained models to the consumption data (n = 5811) of the general population, the median estimates of the probable daily intake revealed that a fraction of the Portuguese population might exceed the tolerable daily intake defined for zearalenone. A reference intake value for alternariol is still lacking, thus the characterization of risk due to the exposure to this mycotoxin was not possible to perform. Although the unavoidable uncertainties, these results are important contributions to understand the exposure to endocrine disruptors in Portugal and the potential Public Health consequences.