A cleaning validation for a family of compounds utilizing swab sampling and rinse solution procedures, and high performance liquid chromatography for separation and detection of the analytes was performed.Effective parameters on recovery including sampling method, swab characteristics, solvent, swabbing technique, and material substance of product contact surfaces within the manufacturing equipment for swab and rinse sampling method, quantitative cleaning verification method, and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) level and nature have been studied.The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation for the HPLC method were determined to be 0.0198 µg/mL, and 0.0495 µg/mL of the analyte, respectively. The linearity on replicate injections of the standard prepared in the range of 0.78, 1.55, 3.1, and 6.2 µg/mL, and relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) found to be 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, and 0.6, respectively with correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9999. Recovery coverage for each type of surface was acceptable, ranging from 63.88% for swab sampling of stainless steel to 97.85% for rinse sampling of PVC. The acceptance criteria for precision on replicate injections of the analyte prepared in three concentration levels covering the specified range of 50, 100, and 200% was successfully accomplished R.S.D. lower than 15% for recovery results.Thus, choosing the appropriate sampling method, swab type, and surface condition can affect and increase recovery rate determination efficiency.Small peptides are valuable peptides due to their extended biological activities. Their activities could be categorized according to their low antigenicity, osmotic pressure, and also because of their astonishing bioactivities. For example, the aggression of Phe-Phe fibers via self-assembly and intermolecular hydrogen bonding is the main reason for the formation of Alzheimer's β-amyloid fibrils. Hydrogen bonding is the main intramolecular interaction in peptides, while the presence of aromatic ring leads to the π-π stacking and affects the self-assembly and aggression. Thus, insertion of an unusual amino acid into peptide sequence facilitates the formation of intramolecular bonds, lipophilicity and its conformation. To design new small peptides with remarkable lipophilicity, it is an idea to employ γ-amino acid, such as gabapentin (H2N-Gpn-OMe) and baclofen (H2N-Baclofen-OMe), in the structure of small peptides to increase cell-penetrating properties and to prevent aggression of Phe-Phe fibrils in β-amyloids of Alzheimer's disease. Some new tri- and tetrapeptides were synthesized through introducing biologically active gabapentin and baclofen to dipeptide of phenylalanine (Phe-Phe) through solution phase peptide synthesis strategy.We investigated the potential influence of kefir-induced juglone and resveratrol fractions (JRK) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing BALB/c male mice. Kefir yeast was grown in the cell culture supplemented with juglone and resveratrol (12). After 48 h incubation, JRK solution was applied (0.1 mL/day i.p.) to the EAC-bearing mice throughout five days. Molecular regulatory mechanisms of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathway components were evaluated in the plasma of mice and isolated EAC cells with ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunocytchemical experiments. EAC-induced upregulation in Bcl-2 and downregulation in Caspase-3 were normalized with JRK in the plasma of mice. Additionally, JRK upregulated the expression levels of apoptotic Bax, p53, Caspase-3,8,9, and APAF-1 proteins together with BAX, CASPASE-8, and CASPASE-9 genes in isolated EAC cells. These changes were also associated with decreased expression levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl proteins. Immunocytochemical studies also confirmed the activation of apoptotic pathways and repression of anti-apoptotic proteins in EAC cells with JRK treatment. JRK activates apoptotic pathway and inhibits anti-apoptotic genes and proteins in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma- bearing BALB/c mice that could be beneficial in cancer treatment.It is of great importance to find an effective approach that not only eliminates gastric cancer cells but also do exhibits significant side effect to normal cells. Some studies have shown the effectiveness of hypericin against cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect of Hypericin in the treatment of gastric cancer. In this study, the AGS cell line was exposed to different concentrations of hypericin for 24 and 48 h. Evaluation of cell death was done by MTT assay. The rate of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry assay using Annexin V/ Propidium Iodide. The expression rate of Bcl2, p53 and Bax genes was evaluated by Real-time PCR test, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis and western blotting was used for further evaluation of p53.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/at13387.html  MTT assay test showed that hyepricin induces 50% cell death in the concentration of 1 (µg/mL) and 0.5 (µg/mL) at 24 h and 48 h post-treatment, respectively, however no similar effect seen on fibroblast cells. Annexin/PI test revealed that cell apoptosis after exposure to hypericin for 24 h was 74%. Real-time PCR showed that expression level of Bax, p53 and Bax genes increases and Bcl2 gene decreases in AGS cell lines after treatment by hypericin. ICC analysis and western blotting for p53 confirmed these data. The results of this study indicated that hypericin has the potential to be introduced as an effective treatment for gastric cancer. Therefore, it seems that this substance has potential to be utilized as anti-cancer drug.CTLA4-Ig (Abatacept) has been produced to suppress immune response by inhibition of T cells functions in autoimmune disease. A new drug, which is called belatacept, has recently been recently developed that is more efficient. The development has been occurred by two substitutions (A29Y, L104E) in the extracellular domain of CTLA4. In the present study, the bioinformatics analysis was used in order to make a new structure that has a better function in comparison with belatacept. Firstly, eight different structures were designed. Thereafter, the secondary and 3D structures, mRNA structure, docking of chimeric proteins with CD80/CD86, antigenicity and affinity of designed chimeric molecules were predicted. Based on the criteria, a new candidate molecule was selected and its gene synthesized. The gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) successfully. The purified rCTLA4-Ig was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and ELISA. Circular dichroism analysis (CD analysis) was used for characterization of the rCTLA4-Ig.