Background Surgical assistance applications for smartphones have the potential to be used in daily practice, but regular reviews of these tools are required. StereoCheck® (Mevis®, São Paulo, Brazil) is a mobile app designed to compute stereotactic coordinates, as a checking tool. Objective Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of StereoCheck®. Methods This observational and prospective study involved 26 patients submitted to frame-based stereotactic brain biopsy. A standard stereotactic planning software (Framelink® 5.0, Medtronic®, Minneapolis, USA) was used to define target coordinates. The surgical planning images were transferred to StereoCheck® using two image input methods photographs of the screen monitor and digitally exported images of the same. Five examiners performed the target coordinate definitions using StereoCheck® on two occasions. The accuracy and reliability of the app were evaluated in tests that compared planning methods (app vs standard software), multiple examiners and sequential tests. Results StereoCheck® accuracy between methods using photographs of the screen was 2.71mm (SD, 0.86; 95%CI, 2.37-3.06), while using digitally exported images, it was 0.82 mm (SD, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.58-1.07). Accuracy between the methods was higher using exported images (p less then 0.01) and was not affected by clinical and radiological features. The accuracy of StereoCheck® with multiple examiners and in sequential tests showed mean distances between targets and coordinates of less than 1.00 mm. An excellent level of reliability for StereoCheck® coordinates (ICC≥ 0.8) was verified in all contexts. Conclusion StereoCheck® showed satisfactory accuracy and reliability. The use of photographs to compute coordinates can lead to a significant decrease in app accuracy.There is mounting evidence in the literature that mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) like populations derived from different tissues, undergo epigenetic changes during aging, leading to compromised connective tissue integrity and function. This body of work has linked the biological aging of MSC to changes in their epigenetic signatures affecting growth, lifespan, self-renewal and multi-potential, due to deregulation of processes such as cellular senescence, oxidative stress, DNA damage, telomere shortening and DNA damage. This review addresses recent findings examining DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA changes in aging MSC populations. Moreover, we explore how epigenetic factors alter cellular pathways and associated biological networks, contributing to the MSC aging phenotype. Finally we discuss the crucial areas requiring a greater understanding of these processes, in order to piece together a global picture of the changing epigenetic landscape in MSC during aging.The anti-resorptive properties of bisphosphonates have been explored to manage several conditions that traditionally have required a surgical solution. In osteonecrosis, their use is predicated on the principle that bone collapse occurs during the revascularisation phase of the disease. If the associated resorptive activity were modulated, the resultant preserved joint architecture may improve clinical outcome and reduce the need for joint replacement. Pre-clinical and small-scale clinical studies have given non-conclusive support for this principle. Adequately powered clinical trials with relevant long-term endpoints are still required to firmly clarify the clinical efficacy of this treatment. Several clinical studies have shown that bisphosphonates can reduce periprosthetic bone loss and, in some situations, enhance implant fixation in the early period after joint replacement. This may be advantageous in settings where osseointegration is problematic. However, the ultimate goals of their use in joint replacal analogue scale pain scores, but an increase in mild adverse events.The early arthritis population remains a treatment challenge due to the specifics of their disease (diffuse chondrosis rather than focal defect, frequent associated morbidities such as instability or meniscal deficiency), and where they are in life (young, active, working). Too young with "not enough damage" for arthroplasty, but frequently unresponsive to conservative care, they are in the midst of life, yet functionally quite limited.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abt-199.html  The next generation of non-arthroplasty implants are being investigated to potentially bridge this treatment gap and provide relief for the every growing number of young arthritics.The ability of climbing plants to grow upward along others to reach canopy for photosynthesis is hypothesized as a key innovation in flowering plants. Cucurbitaceae, a family containing ∼1000 species and many important crops, are mostly climbers and have characteristic tendrils and pepo fruits. Here, we present 127 newly sequenced transcriptomes and genomes along with other datasets for a total of 136 cucurbits representing all tribes to establish a robust Cucurbitaceae phylogeny containing eight highly resolved major clades. We analyzed whole genome duplication (WGD), diversification dynamics and ancestral morphologies, and found that after early genome duplication event(s), a burst of diversification and morphological innovations in flower, fruit and root characters occurred under the climate optimum in the Early Eocene. Species radiation under Mid-Eocene Climatic Optimum also coincided with several morphological changes shared by 80% of cucurbits. We found that the cucurbit-specific tendril identity gene TEN originated from a paleo-polyploidization at the origin of the family. Our results support the hypothesis that cucurbit diversifications were probably driven by increased genetic diversity following polyploidizations and novel state of traits under paleo-climate upheavals. This study provides a phylogenetic framework and new insights into morphological and genomic changes facilitating the adaptive evolution of Cucurbitaceae.Non-conventional peptides (NCPs), which include small open reading frame-encoded peptides, play critical roles in fundamental biological processes. Here we developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline using high-throughput mass spectra to probe a customized six-frame translation database and applied it to large-scale identification of NCPs in plants. Altogether, 1,993 and 1,860 NCPs were unambiguously identified in maize and Arabidopsis, respectively. The NCPs showed distinct characteristics compared to conventional peptides (CPs) and were derived from introns, 3'UTRs, 5'UTRs, junctions and intergenic regions. These results revealed that translation events in unannotated transcripts occurred more broadly than previously thought. In addition, maize NCPs were found to be enriched within regions associated with phenotypic variations and domestication selection, indicating their potential function in plant genetic regulations of complex traits and evolution. Summarily, this study provides an unbiased and global view of plant NCPs.